The European “Year of the Air”: fact, fake or vision?

Morfeld, Peter; Keil, Ulrich; Spallek, Michael

doi:10.1007/s00204-013-1140-3

Cited by 2 publications

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References 24 publications

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“…Die aktuelle Entscheidung einer IARC working group, erstmals ein weltweit sehr heterogenes Substanzgemisch "outdoor air pollution" als krebserzeugend beim Menschen einzustufen, betont dabei die Rolle der Feinstaubbelastung ("particulate matter from outdoor air pollution") und benennt zur Charakterisierung der Staubbelastung sowohl die PM 10 -aber auch die PM 2,5 -Fraktion [58]. Morfeld et al [59] diskutieren die epidemiologische Evidenz sowie Hintergründe zur Entscheidung der IARC working group und versuchen eine Einbettung in den europäischen Kontext. Neben der PM 2,5 -Fraktion werden aktuell andere Bestandteile des Feinstaubs, z.…”

Section: Effekte An Verkehrsstationenunclassified

Wirksamkeit von Umweltzonen in der ersten Stufe: Analyse der Feinstaubkonzentrationsänderungen (PM10) in 19 deutschen Städten

2014

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Section: Effekte An Verkehrsstationenunclassified

Wirksamkeit von Umweltzonen in der ersten Stufe: Analyse der Feinstaubkonzentrationsänderungen (PM10) in 19 deutschen Städten

2014

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“…The emissions that are aimed to be reduced by LEZs are mainly fine particles like PM10 or smaller [8]–[12]. The effectiveness of LEZs to reduce traffic-related exposures is still under debate [13] and there is an open discussion in the public about the “outcome” and cost-benefit ratio of LEZs [14]–[16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Low Emission Zones: Large Scale Analysis of Changes in Environmental NO2, NO and NOx Concentrations in 17 German Cities

2014

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BackgroundLow Emission Zones (LEZs) are areas where the most polluting vehicles are restricted from entering. The effectiveness of LEZs to lower ambient exposures is under debate. This study focused on LEZs that restricted cars of Euro 1 standard without appropriate retrofitting systems from entering and estimated LEZ effects on NO2, NO, and NOx ( = NO2+NO).MethodsContinuous half-hour and diffuse sampler 4-week average NO2, NO, and NOx concentrations measured inside and outside LEZs in 17 German cities of 6 federal states (2005–2009) were analysed as matched quadruplets (two pairs of simultaneously measured index values inside LEZ and reference values outside LEZ, one pair measured before and one after introducing LEZs with time differences that equal multiples of 364 days) by multiple linear and log-linear fixed-effects regression modelling (covariables: e.g., wind velocity, amount of precipitation, height of inversion base, school holidays, truck-free periods). Additionally, the continuous half-hour data was collapsed into 4-week averages and pooled with the diffuse sampler data to perform joint analysis.ResultsMore than 3,000,000 quadruplets of continuous measurements (half-hour averages) were identified at 38 index and 45 reference stations. Pooling with diffuse sampler data from 15 index and 10 reference stations lead to more than 4,000 quadruplets for joint analyses of 4-week averages. Mean LEZ effects on NO2, NO, and NOx concentrations (reductions) were estimated to be at most −2 µg/m3 (or −4%). The 4-week averages of NO2 concentrations at index stations after LEZ introduction were 55 µg/m3 (median and mean values) or 82 µg/m3 (95th percentile).ConclusionsThis is the first study investigating comprehensively the effectiveness of LEZs to reduce NO2, NO, and NOx concentrations controlling for most relevant potential confounders. Our analyses indicate that there is a statistically significant, but rather small reduction of NO2, NO, and NOx concentrations associated with LEZs.

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The European “Year of the Air”: fact, fake or vision?

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Wirksamkeit von Umweltzonen in der ersten Stufe: Analyse der Feinstaubkonzentrationsänderungen (PM10) in 19 deutschen Städten

Wirksamkeit von Umweltzonen in der ersten Stufe: Analyse der Feinstaubkonzentrationsänderungen (PM10) in 19 deutschen Städten

Effectiveness of Low Emission Zones: Large Scale Analysis of Changes in Environmental NO2, NO and NOx Concentrations in 17 German Cities

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