wileyonlinelibrary.comwith rapid production of patient-specifi c grafts, allowing precise control over internal and external architecture and customized mechanical properties. These techniques can be used for printing biological materials together with living cells, hence the term "bioprinting." 3D bioprinting offers researchers a unique way of depositing cell-laden biocompatible materials, the so-called bioinks, in high-resolution structures with a line thickness on the order of hundreds of microns. Due to the promise of such a technology, several commercial bioprinters have entered the market and bioinks are the subject of intense investigation. [1][2][3] Bioink formulation is often considered one of the most critical aspects of high-resolution cellular bioprinting.Cellular printing requires a bioink with two key properties, namely printability and cytocompatible crosslinking. The identifi cation of printable polymeric systems is mainly done through rheological evaluation of a material's shear thinning behavior and shear recovery. Shear thinning correlates directly with a bioink's ability to be extruded at low pressure (<3 bar), something which ensures high postprinting cell viability. [ 4 ] Shear recovery, on the other hand, relates to the ink's resistance to fl ow after printing, which ensures high fi delity of the printed structure. The presence of cells, however, greatly restricts the crosslinking options as physiologic temperature and pH need to be maintained and harsh chemicals avoided. Hydrogel bioinks can be crosslinked via covalent or physical interactions or a combination thereof. Ultraviolet light initiated crosslinking of (meth)acrylated polymers has been used most often in bioinks, but the presence of potentially toxic monomers and photoinitiators may complicate clinical translation. [5][6][7][8] Physically crosslinked gelation based on temperature, hydrophobic/hydrophilic or ionic interactions has been utilized for precrosslinking of several bioink materials including poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) conjugated hyaluronan (HA-pNIPAAm), [ 9 ] gelatin, [ 10,11 ] alginate, [ 12 ] and gellan. [ 13 ] Precrosslinking before printing or directly during deposition to stabilize the printed lines is generally followed by a fi nal crosslinking which further increases the mechanical properties and stabilizes the whole structure.For cartilage engineering applications, natural polymers from animal or plant sources including alginate, collagen, gelatin, Bioprinting is an emerging technology for the fabrication of patient-specifi c, anatomically complex tissues and organs. A novel bioink for printing cartilage grafts is developed based on two unmodifi ed FDA-compliant polysaccharides, gellan and alginate, combined with the clinical product BioCartilage (cartilage extracellular matrix particles). Cell-friendly physical gelation of the bioink occurs in the presence of cations, which are delivered by co-extrusion of a cation-loaded transient support polymer to stabilize overhanging structures. Rheological properties of...