The Evolution and Continuing Challenges of E‐Governance

Abstract

E-governance comprises the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to support public services, government administration, democratic processes, and relationships among citizens, civil society, the private sector, and the state. Developed over more than two decades of technology innovation and policy response, the evolution of e-governance is examined in terms of fi ve interrelated objectives: a policy framework, enhanced public services, high-quality and cost-eff ective government operations, citizen engagement in democratic processes, and administrative and institutional reform. Th is summary assessment of e-governance in U.S. states and local governments shows that the greatest investment and progress have been made in enhanced public services and improved government operations. Policy development has moved forward on several fronts, but new policy issues continually add to an increasingly complex set of concerns. Th e least progress appears to have occurred in enhancing democracy and exploring the implications of e-governance for administrative and institutional reform. ICT-enabled governance will continue to evolve for the foreseeable future providing a dynamic environment for ongoing learning and action.

Η Ηλεκτρονική Διακυβέρνηση Στη Διοίκηση Της Εκπαίδευσης: Ένα Μοντέλο Για Την Αξιολόγηση Των Ιστότοπων Των Διευθύνσεων Εκπαίδευσης Της Χώρας Ως Προς Τα Γενικά Τους Χαρακτηριστικά Και Τις Ηλεκτρονικές Τους Υπηρεσίες

“…Dawes, 2008;Siskos et al, 2014). Η παρούσα έρευνα, επειδή επικεντρώνεται στις ιστοσελίδες των Διευθύνσεων Εκπαίδευσης, υιοθετεί κυρίως τον τεχνολογικό παράγοντα.…”

Participação eletrônica e suas relações com governo eletrônico, efetividade governamental e accountability

“…Vários autores sugerem que há valores democráticos inerentes às TIC empregadas pelo governo, as quais estão transformando as relações Estado--sociedade, pela maior interatividade e ubiquidade (ALONSO; FERNEDA; BIMBER, 2000;CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY AND TECHNOLOGY, 2002;CHADWICK;MAY, 2003;COLEMAN, 1999;DAWES;GREGG;AGOURIS, 2004;EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 2003;LUSOLI;WARD, 2005;JAEGER, 2003;KERSTEN, 2003;LAMBRINOUDAKIS et al, 2003;LÉVY, 2004;LÖFSTEDT, 2005;MISURACA, 2009;NATIONAL INFORMATION SOCIETY AGENCY, 2008;PINA;TORRES;ROYO, 2007;REECE, 2006;ROBERTSON;VATRAPU, 2010;STAHL, 2005;STARR, 2010;UNITED NATIONS, 2003;2005a;2005b; Entretanto, enquanto há autores mais otimistas, que vislumbram o retorno à democracia direta, composta por cidadãos fortemente empoderados, há outros, mais pessimistas, que anteveem a emergência da democracia "push-button", com a consequente fragmentação da esfera pública.…”

“…A aceitação da terceira hipótese deste trabalho, conforme exposto anteriormente, confirma empiricamente o que a literatura tem associado na teoria: a participação eletrônica e a efetividade governamental (BRAGA et al, 2008;DAWES, 2008;EUROPEAN UNION, 2001;HAMMERMAN, 2005;TANG, 2008;LÖFSTEDT, 2005;MISURACA, 2009;PINA;TORRES;ROYO, 2007;POLAT, 2005;ROBERTSON;VATRAPU, 2010).…”

“…A aceitação da quarta hipótese deste trabalho, conforme exposto anteriormente, confirma empiricamente o que a literatura tem associado na teoria: a participação Lamartine Vieira Braga & Ricardo Corrêa Gomes eletrônica e a responsabilização dos agentes públicos (BRAGA et al, 2008;DAWES, 2008 …”

The Imperative of E - Participation in Sustainable Community Development in Ghana

“…Also, the country can boast of 4G internet service providers. Indeed communication networks are spanning across all continents and facilitating easy interactions among various units in society (Dawes, 2008). With the current infrastructure and internet penetration rate in Ghana, e-participation can be exploited at all municipal and local units for an all-inclusive development (Abrahams & Newton-Reid, 2008).…”