The evolution and outcome of cavitating periventricular leukomalacia in infancy. A study of 46 cases

Shortland, David; Levene, Malcolm I.; Trounce, J Q; Ng, Y K; Graham, Margaret

doi:10.1515/jpme.1988.16.3.241

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…While lesions of the motor cortex and corticospinal pathways are frequent (Banker and Larroche 1962, Lademann 1978, Shortland et al 1988, Uvebrant 1988, they are by no means restricted to this area. For example, a middle cerebralartery infarct or hemibrain atrophy (Okumura et al 1997) could damage a number of cortical areas, including the supplementary motor area (SMA), which are known to be involved in the sequencing of movements (the primary deficit observed in the non-involved hand) (Orgogozo and Larsen 1979;Roland et al 1980a,b;Rao et al 1993; Shibasaki et al ---------) and one lift with 400 g (-------) Gordon et al 1998).…”

Section: Figure 4: Grip Force Load Force Their Derivatives and Posimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fingertip forces during object manipulation in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. II: Bilateral coordination

Gordon

Charles

Duff

1999

Develop Med Child Neuro

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The present study examines the coordination of fingertip forces during object manipulation in both the involved and non‐involved hand of 14 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) aged between 8 and 14 years. While no impairment could be observed in the non‐involved hand, subtle deficits in the sequencing of the grip–lift movement were observed in all children tested in this hand. However, they were able to scale the fingertip force output of the non‐involved hand in advance (use anticipatory control) based on the object's weight. In the second experiment in this paper, we tested whether the anticipatory control can be generalized across hands. The results indicate that sensory information from the non‐involved hand can be used for anticipatory scaling of isometric force increase during subsequent lifts with the contralateral involved hand. These findings suggest that the initial lack of anticipatory control usually observed in the involved hand of children with hemiplegic CP is likely to be based on disturbed sensory input.

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Section: Figure 4: Grip Force Load Force Their Derivatives and Posimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fingertip forces during object manipulation in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. II: Bilateral coordination

Gordon

Charles

Duff

1999

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…motor skills only [de Vries et al 1993]; cognitive and motor skills only [Calame et al 1985, Graziani et al 1986, Cooke 1987, Shortland et al 1988, Zorzi et al 1988Ikonen et al 1992, Fazzi et al 1994, Fujimoto et al 1994; or a combination of motor, cognitive, behavioral, visual, and auditory skills [Calvert et al 1986, Monset-Couchard et al 1988, Ringelberg and van de Bor 1993, Rogers et al 1994). The means of assessing development, and the age at assessment also varied.…”

Section: Lack Of Interstudy Standardizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…motor, cognitive, behavioral, sensory, and so on) related to echolucency characteristics, and a sample size of at least 10 infants (Calame et al 1985, Calvert et al 1986, Graziani et al 1986, Cooke 1987, Graham et al 1987, Monset-Couchard et al 1988, Shortland et al 1988, Zorzi et al 1988, Fawer and Calame 1991, Ikonen et al 1992, de Vries et al 1993, Ringelberg and van de Bor 1993, Fazzi et al 1994, Fujimoto et al 1994, Rogers et al 1994.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of cranial ultrasound white‐matter echolucencies that predict disability: a review

Holling

Leviton

1999

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…Manipulative skills and independent finger movements have been shown, in the primate, to depend on the integrity of the motor cortex and corticospinal tract (Lawrence andKuypers 1968, Muir andLemon 1983). Lesions involving the motor cortex or corticospinal tracts can be demonstrated in the spastic forms of CP (Shortland et al 1988, Yokochi et al 1989, Aicardi and Bax 1992. Thus, disruption of corticospinal tract inputs to the motor-neurone pools innervating hand muscles in the subjects with CP would explain both the lack of motor-unit discharge synchrony and the impairment of fine finger movements in these subjects.…”

Section: Subjects and Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does abnormal branching of inputs to motor neurones explain abnormal muscle cocontraction in cerebral palsy?

Gibbs

Harrison

Stephens

et al. 1999

Develop Med Child Neuro

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The common synaptic drive shared between two groups of motor neurones synchronizes the timing of discharges between the motor‐neurone groups. Recordings were made of motor‐unit discharges during cocontraction of ipsilateral pairs of thumb muscles in eight subjects with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 4 to 13 years and eight neurologically healthy subjects aged 4 to 12 years, and in pairs of lower‐limb muscles in 21 subjects with CP and 21 control subjects, both aged 3 to 15 years. Common synaptic drive, likely to be derived at least partly from activity in branched corticospinal‐tract neurones, produced motor‐unit synchronization between pairs of thumb muscles in control subjects but was absent in all subjects with CP. Motor unit synchronization was not found between lower‐limb antagonist muscles that cocontract abnormally in CP, nor was synchronization present in more widely separated muscle pairs. Therefore, abnormal patterns of muscle activation and more widespread muscle reflex responses do not result from an abnormal distribution of common synaptic drive in CP.

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The evolution and outcome of cavitating periventricular leukomalacia in infancy. A study of 46 cases

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Fingertip forces during object manipulation in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. II: Bilateral coordination

Fingertip forces during object manipulation in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. II: Bilateral coordination

Characteristics of cranial ultrasound white‐matter echolucencies that predict disability: a review

Does abnormal branching of inputs to motor neurones explain abnormal muscle cocontraction in cerebral palsy?

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