The Evolution of Absorbent Materials

Gross, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-88654-5.50006-6

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The polyampholytes and zwitterionic polydisposable diapers, feminine napkins, soil for mers have the potential to swell more in salt soluagriculture and horticulture, gel actuators, watertions than in pure water. 24 The mechanism of blocking tapes, medicine for the drug delivery syswater absorption for hydrophilic polymers was extem, and absorbent pads) in which water absorplained in nonionic network or ionic network structure by Flory. 25 Ogawa et al studied the ki-…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superabsorbent polymeric materials. IV. Swelling behavior of crosslinked poly [sodium acrylate-co-N,N-dimethyl (acrylamidopropyl) ammonium propane sulfonate] in aqueous salt solution

Lee

Yeh

1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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A series of xerogels based on sodium acrylate (SA), N,N-dimethyl(acrylamidopropyl) ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAAPS), and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (NMBA) were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization. The water absorbency or swelling behavior for these xerogels in water or various saline solutions was investigated. Results obtained from this study revealed a water absorbency of 721 g H 2 O/g sample in deionized water and 83 g H 2 O/g sample in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution for a gel containing a 1.50 1 10 02 molar fraction of DMAAPS. The absorbency in the chloride salt solutions decreased with an increase in the ionic strength of the salt. For the same ionic strength of various salt solutions, the swelling amount had the following tendency: Co 2/ ú Ni 2/ ú Cu 2/ for the higher ionic strength of 2.44 1 10 05 -1.8 1 10 02M. The Co 2/ , Ni 2/ , and Cu 2/ solutions induce approximately the same degree of swelling at the lower ionic strength of õ2.44 1 10 05 M. The pH effect on the water absorbency for these xerogels was also investigated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superabsorbent polymeric materials. IV. Swelling behavior of crosslinked poly [sodium acrylate-co-N,N-dimethyl (acrylamidopropyl) ammonium propane sulfonate] in aqueous salt solution

Lee

Yeh

1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…Superabsorbent polymers should be able to hold discharged body fluid at pressures normally occurring in real‐use conditions. The measure of this property is absorbency under load (AUL) 6–9. It describes the amount of saline (0.9% aqueous NaCl) contained in 1 g of SAP under specified pressure.…”

Section: Basic Components Of Absorbent Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, cellulose and starch have been preferred as substrates for the synthesis of natural‐based absorbents due to their abundance, availability of high molecular grades, plurality of reactive hydroxyl groups, and relatively low cost. The most popular methods of converting cellulose or starch into superabsorbent materials involve, as a first step, carboxymethylation of the polysaccharides with an etherifying agent such as monochloroacetic acid in the presence of sodium hydroxide 6–8,10. However, conventional, non‐cross‐linked sodium salts of carboxymethylcellulose and carboxymethylstarch do not have superabsorbent properties.…”

Section: Natural‐polymer–based Superabsorbent Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superabsorbent materials from shellfish waste—A review

Dutkiewicz

2002

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

120

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Increasing global demand for improved absorbent materials for body fluids in disposable medical and personal-care articles creates an incentive for new basic research and development of efficient absorbent materials and systems with additional benefits such as biodegradability or certain biomedical functions. Highly absorbing materials based on polyelectrolyte polymers can absorb up to 50 grams of body fluid per gram of dry mass. Currently available synthetic superabsorbents are not biodegradable in landfills and do not offer any value-added functions to personal and medical-care products. Various academic and industrial research groups have put considerable amounts of effort and resources toward development of new absorbent materials from natural polymers, which would decompose in landfills. The basic substrates in these studies have been mainly polysaccharides, particularly cellulose and starch. The most common approach has involved converting these polymers into carboxymethyl derivatives followed by structural cross-linking. Commercial synthetic superabsorbent polymers as well as those derived from cellulose and starch are essentially polyanionic. On the other hand, polycationic absorbers seem to have potential functional advantages over the polyanionic counterparts. Chitin is the second abundant natural polymer, whose main derivative, chitosan, becomes polycationic in acid media. Currently, the main source of this polysaccharide is shellfish waste. This review provides basic information about new superabsorbent materials based on chitosan salts, their properties and preparation.

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“…Therefore, SAPs have great advantages over traditional water-absorbing materials such as cotton, pulp, and sponge, and have found a variety of valuable applications, such as disposable diapers, feminine napkins, soil for agriculture, water blocking tapes, and numerous biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Recently, cellulose-based SAPs were finding increasing interest in the scientific and industrial field due to their biodegradable character and the high swelling capacity. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Most cellulose-based SAPs were obtained by cross-linking of cellulose derivatives using difunctional molecules as crosslinkers, which covalently bind different polymer molecules in a three-dimensional hydrophilic network, or by graft copolymerization of hydrophilic vinyl monomers onto cellulose or its derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and biodegradability of amphoteric superabsorbent polymers

Wang

Song

Shang

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Novel amphoteric superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) based on carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylic acid, acrylamide, and [2-(methylacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride were prepared by inverse suspension copolymerization. The SAPs were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The absorbency or swelling behaviors in deionized water, saline solutions, and pH value solutions were investigated. Experimental results indicate that the absorbency in various solutions decreases with an increase of the ion concentration, which was attributed to osmotic pressure of water and ions between the polymeric gel and the external solutions. Biodegradability of the amphoteric SAPs was also reported.

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The Evolution of Absorbent Materials

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Superabsorbent polymeric materials. IV. Swelling behavior of crosslinked poly [sodium acrylate-co-N,N-dimethyl (acrylamidopropyl) ammonium propane sulfonate] in aqueous salt solution

Superabsorbent polymeric materials. IV. Swelling behavior of crosslinked poly [sodium acrylate-co-N,N-dimethyl (acrylamidopropyl) ammonium propane sulfonate] in aqueous salt solution

Superabsorbent materials from shellfish waste—A review

Characterization and biodegradability of amphoteric superabsorbent polymers

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