The Evolution of Gait in Childhood and Adolescent Cerebral Palsy

Johnson, David C.; Damiano, Diane L.; Abel, Mark F.

doi:10.1097/01241398-199705000-00022

Cited by 175 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…All subscales and measures selected for analysis were previously validated for use in English-speaking children with CP. 3,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Each data collection session consisted of administration of the FAQ, PedsQL, PODCI, WeeFIM, and GMFM Dimensions D (standing) and E (walking, running, and jumping). The 37 questions from Dimensions D and E of the GMFM are included on both the GMFM-88 and the more recent GMFM-66.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships among functional outcome measures used for assessing children with ambulatory CP

Sullivan¹,

Barnes

Linton

et al. 2007

Develop Med Child Neuro

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In ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP), practitioners often examine outcomes using measures related to functions necessary for daily life. The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) Dimensions D and E, Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) Parent and Child versions, Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ) Walking subscale, Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), temporal‐spatial gait parameters, and O2 cost during ambulation were selected for study. Cross‐sectional data were collected in a prospective multicenter study of 562 participants with CP (339 males, 223 females), between 4 and 18 years of age (mean age 11y 1mo). There were 240 classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System Level I, 196 as Level II, and 126 as Level III. The tools that had the best interrelationships and underlying constructs predominately measured changes in physical function. These included portions of the FAQ, Parent PODCI, WeeFIM, and GMFM. GMFM Dimensions D and E exhibited a very strong relationship. Temporal‐spatial gait parameters and O2 cost measures represented a different construct of physical function. The Child PODCI reports and both the Parent and Child PedsQL reports did not relate well to other measures, suggesting a pattern of answers not related to question content. The Parent PODCI, the FAQ Walking subscale, and GMFM Dimension E were found to be an appropriate minimum set of instruments for assessment of functional outcomes in patients with ambulatory CP.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships among functional outcome measures used for assessing children with ambulatory CP

Sullivan¹,

Barnes

Linton

et al. 2007

Develop Med Child Neuro

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show abstract

“…In some cases the loss of mobility results in profound disabilities related to cognitive social and survival functions, feelings and loss of independence and social acceptance [11][12][13] . Loss of mobility may even result in further pathophysiologies such as decreased cardiac function, musculoskeletal disorders and other long-term medical complications associated with the chronic use of assistive devices such as wheelchairs and crutches 14 . Apart from its practical significance, locomotion is a highly skilled, complex behavior that entails 'local' rhythms at the muscle joint and segment levels and lends itself well to the dynamic systems approach, which has been applied with much success to rhythmic skilled movements in general 15 .…”

Section: Dynamic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic Systems: constraints approach to rehabilitation

Holt¹,

Wagenaar²,

Saltzman³

2010

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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“…Their study was cross-sectional and there is little information about the age or level of mobility of the children assessed. Johnson et al (1997) performed a longitudinal study on a group of 18 community ambulators aged 4 to 14 years with spastic diplegia, nine of whom had previously undergone surgical intervention, who had two gait analyses without intervening surgical intervention. The individuals in their study showed a deterioration in gait over a mean of 32 months, irrespective of the age of the child or of a history of previous operative intervention.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term outcome of multilevel surgical intervention in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy compared with the natural history

Gough

Eve²,

Robinson

et al. 2004

Develop Med Child Neuro

106

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Outcome in 24 ambulant children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy, in whom multilevel surgical intervention was recommended following gait analysis, is reviewed. Twelve children had surgical intervention (treatment group; eight males, four females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 3 years 4 months) while the other 12 did not (control group; five males, seven females; mean age 10 years 1 month, SD 2 years 11 months). All children had interval three‐dimensional gait analyses (mean time between analyses: control group, 14.1 months; treatment group, 17.9 months). At follow‐up the control group (mean age 11 years 9 months) showed a significant increase in minimum hip and knee flexion in stance which was not related to age, the interval between analyses, changes in the passive joint range of motion, nor changes in anthropometric measurements. The treatment group (mean age at follow‐up 11 years 3 months) showed a significant improvement in minimum knee flexion and in ankle dorsiflexion in stance. Parents of nine children said their child's walking distance had increased following intervention. Of five children using posterior walkers preoperatively, two continued to use them postoperatively; two were using crutches or sticks and the remaining child walked independently. Two children who walked independently preoperatively used sticks postoperatively for community ambulation. The deterioration seen in the kinematics of the control group suggests that previous outcome studies comparing postoperative gait with preoperative gait have underestimated the immediate effects of surgery. It also raises concerns about the long‐term effects of surgical intervention.

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The Evolution of Gait in Childhood and Adolescent Cerebral Palsy

Cited by 175 publications

References 13 publications

Relationships among functional outcome measures used for assessing children with ambulatory CP

Relationships among functional outcome measures used for assessing children with ambulatory CP

A Dynamic Systems: constraints approach to rehabilitation

Short‐term outcome of multilevel surgical intervention in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy compared with the natural history

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