“…In other words, an effective IA has a crucial role in assisting management to combat fraud or irregularities (Alias et al , 2019; Abuazza et al , 2015; Drogalas et al , 2017; Hazami-Ammar, 2019; Salehi et al , 2013) and contribute to accountability (Bananuka et al , 2018). Therefore, the IA profession has become an essential management tool for obtaining effective control in organisations (Behrend and Eulerich, 2019; Endaya and Hanefah, 2016; Ismael and Roberts, 2018). The necessity for IA function arises more in the public sector due to the complexity of the commonly broad objectives (Schillemans and van Twist, 2016) and the multiplicity of the audience whose expectations are varied (Menza et al , 2019; Pilcher et al , 2013).…”