The evolution of networks of innovators within and across borders: Evidence from patent data

Morescalchi, Andrea; Pammolli, Fabio; Penner, Orion; Petersen, Alexander M.; Riccaboni, Massimo

doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.10.015

Cited by 99 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…One way of measuring innovation is the production of patents, which represent a technological advancement produced by individuals (generally, these are inventors on the patents) working at research institutions (generally, these are the assignees on the patent). The analysis of bibliographic databases has provided techniques for evaluating information spillovers [2][3][4] , mobility between regions [5][6][7] , interregional and international collaborations 6,[8][9][10][11] , and the emergence of new technologies 12 in the context of patent and publication activities. Among many others, these studies have provided an in-depth picture of the dynamics of regional and institutional talents and quantify the success of various inter-organizational and inter-regional collaboration, of great use to policy makers on the institutional, regional, and international level.…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Disambiguation of Patent Inventors and Assignees Using High-Resolution Geolocation Data

2015

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Patent data represent a significant source of information on innovation, knowledge production, and the evolution of technology through networks of citations, co-invention and co-assignment. A major obstacle to extracting useful information from this data is the problem of name disambiguation: linking alternate spellings of individuals or institutions to a single identifier to uniquely determine the parties involved in knowledge production and diffusion. In this paper, we describe a new algorithm that uses high-resolution geolocation to disambiguate both inventors and assignees on about 8.5 million patents found in the European Patent Office (EPO), under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), and in the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). We show this disambiguation is consistent with a number of ground-truth benchmarks of both assignees and inventors, significantly outperforming the use of undisambiguated names to identify unique entities. A significant benefit of this work is the high quality assignee disambiguation with coverage across the world coupled with an inventor disambiguation (that is competitive with other state of the art approaches) in multiple patent offices.

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Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Disambiguation of Patent Inventors and Assignees Using High-Resolution Geolocation Data

2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge flows and the absorptive capacity of regions

2015

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“…They also find that the technological diversification of a patent had no substantial influence on its network position. Geographical locations also play an important role in the work of Morescalchi et al (2015). These authors investigate the evolution of networks of innovators within and across borders of institutes and countries.…”

Section: Further Diversification Of Technology Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation: A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Raan

2017

Journal of Data and Information Science

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Purpose First, to review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations to scientific literature (scientific non-patent references, SNPRs). Second, to present a novel mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited by and referring to the SNPRs. Design/methodology/approach In the review part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science and technology interface and of technological progress in interaction with science. In the second part we apply new techniques for the direct visualization of the cited and citing relations of SNPRs, the mapping of the landscape around SNPRs by bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, and the mapping of the conceptual environment of SNPRs by keyword co-occurrence analysis. Findings We discuss several properties of SNPRs. Only a small minority of publications covered by the Web of Science or Scopus are cited by patents, about 3%–4%. However, for publications based on university-industry collaboration the number of SNPRs is considerably higher, around 15%. The proposed mapping methodology based on a “second order SNPR approach” enables a better assessment of the technological relevance of research. Research limitations The main limitation is that a more advanced merging of patent and publication data, in particular unification of author and inventor names, in still a necessity. Practical implications The proposed mapping methodology enables the creation of a database of technology-relevant papers (TRPs). In a bibliometric assessment the publications of research groups, research programs or institutes can be matched with the TRPs and thus the extent to which the work of groups, programs or institutes are relevant for technological development can be measured. Originality/value The review part examines a wide range of findings in the research of patent citation analysis. The mapping approach to identify a broad range of technology-relevant papers is novel and offers new opportunities in research evaluation practices.

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The evolution of networks of innovators within and across borders: Evidence from patent data

Cited by 99 publications

References 68 publications

Disambiguation of Patent Inventors and Assignees Using High-Resolution Geolocation Data

Disambiguation of Patent Inventors and Assignees Using High-Resolution Geolocation Data

Knowledge flows and the absorptive capacity of regions

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation: A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

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