The evolution of surface layers formed during chalcopyrite leaching

Harmer, Sarah L.; Thomas, Joan E.; Fornasiero, Daniel; Gerson, Andrea R.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1555

Cited by 257 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, a significant decrease was observed when 10 mg/L SHMP was added, e.g., from 16 % O to 11% O and from 20% O to 13% O, respectively, further suggesting that the addition of SHMP decreased the adsorption of Ca and Mg complexes onto chalcopyrite due primarily to its dispersion effects. [51,[53][54][55][56], with the tail at higher binding energy being also possible due to the Cu 2+ species [57]. As shown in Figure 12, no significant difference in Cu species (detailed values not shown herein) was observed when the chalcopyrite surface was treated under various conditions.…”

Section: S 2p Spectramentioning

confidence: 88%

The Influencing Mechanisms of Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Chalcopyrite Flotation in the Presence of MgCl2 and CaCl2

Xiao

et al. 2018

Minerals

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Sea water has been used in flotation plants, showing a promising way to save fresh water usage. Previous studies indicated that divalent salts in sea water played negative roles in chalcopyrite flotation, but not much work have been conducted to understand the eliminating mechanisms. This study systematically investigated the effects of divalent cations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ on natural flotability of chalcopyrite in the absence of collectors and frothers. The reduced recovery was mainly due to the adsorption of Mg and Ca hydroxyl complexes and precipitation on chalcopyrite surfaces, giving rise to a less hydrophobic surface. The addition of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), however, significantly improved chalcopyrite recovery. Species calculation, contact angle, zeta potential, FTIR and XPS analyses were conducted to understand the influencing mechanisms of divalent ions and the beneficial effects of SHMP on chalcopyrite recovery. The primary mechanism was that SHMP prevented the adsorption of positively charged Mg and Ca compounds or precipitation with hydrophilic properties such as Mg(OH) 2 on chalcopyrite surfaces, confirmed by the Derjguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Secondly, SHMP reacted with Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ to form dissolvable complexes, thereby declining the formation of insoluble Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ compounds or precipitation.

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Section: S 2p Spectramentioning

confidence: 88%

The Influencing Mechanisms of Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Chalcopyrite Flotation in the Presence of MgCl2 and CaCl2

Xiao

et al. 2018

Minerals

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“…13(d) consists of three doublets for Ti-CZTS. The S 2p 3/2 peaks at 160.6 eV [58] and 161.0 eV [59] indicate monosulfide whereas the other at 162.2 eV represents disulfide (S 2 2− ) [60]. ) structure.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber layer on flexible metallic substrates for thin film solar cell applications

et al. 2015

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In this work, Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) absorber layers were fabricated using a two-stage process. Sequentially deposited Cu-Zn-Sn thin film layers on metallic foils were annealed in an Ar + S 2(g) atmosphere. We aimed to investigate the role of flexible titanium and molybdenum foil substrates in the growth mechanism of CZTS thin films. The Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the sulfurized thin films revealed that, except for the presence of Sn-based secondary phases, nearly pure CZTS thin films were obtained. Additionally, the intense and sharp X-ray diffraction peak from the (112) plane provided evidence of good crystallinity. Electron dispersive spectroscopy analysis indicated sufficient sulfur content but poor Zn atomic weight percentage in the films. Absorption and band-gap energy analyses were carried out to confirm the suitability of CZTS thin films as the absorber layer in solar cell applications. Hall effect measurements showed the p-type semiconductor behavior of the CZTS samples. Moreover, the back contact behavior of these metallic flexible substrates was investigated and compared. We detected formation of cracks in the CZTS layer on the molybdenum foils, which indicates the incompatibility of molybdenum's thermal expansion coefficient with the CZTS structure. We demonstrated the application of the magnetron sputtering technique for the fabrication of CZTS thin films on titanium foils having lightweight, flexible properties and suitable for roll-to-roll manufacturing for high throughput fabrication. Titanium foils are also cost competitive compared to molybdenum foils.

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“…Pure mineral samples were stored in a vacuum-desiccator after preparation and washed in an ultrasonic bath for 5 min to remove potential oxidation film before each use. Atmospheric oxidation of chalcopyrite (ageing) produces compounds such as ironoxyhydroxides and basic iron-sulphates on the chalcopyrite surface [21,22]. The oxidation of Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Seaweed Glue in the Separation of Copper–Molybdenum Sulphide Ore by Flotation

Chen

et al. 2018

Minerals

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Flotation separation of chalcopyrite from molybdenite was studied using seaweed glue (SEG) as a depressant. Flotation process and mechanism were examined by response surface methodology, flotation tests, adsorption tests, zeta potential measurements and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. Response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design suggested the optimal reagent schedule: pH 4, depressant seaweed glue 197 mg/L, collector amyl xanthate 16 mg/L and frother (methyl isobutyl carbinol) 20 mg/L, and selective separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite was achieved by flotation. Comparison of SEG and traditional depressants indicated that the SEG could achieve a similar separation efficiency, and exhibited the advantages of environmental compatibility and economic adaptability. Co-adsorption of seaweed glue and amyl xanthate occurred on the surface of molybdenite, and is explained to happen through distinct mechanisms due to the heterogeneous nature of the surface. It is likely that seaweed glue depresses molybdenite by covering the dixanthogen resulting from adsorption of xanthate ions. It is shown that seaweed glue is as effective a depressant of Cu/Mo separation as cyanide.

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The evolution of surface layers formed during chalcopyrite leaching

Cited by 257 publications

References 34 publications

The Influencing Mechanisms of Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Chalcopyrite Flotation in the Presence of MgCl2 and CaCl2

The Influencing Mechanisms of Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Chalcopyrite Flotation in the Presence of MgCl2 and CaCl2

Growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber layer on flexible metallic substrates for thin film solar cell applications

The Effect of Seaweed Glue in the Separation of Copper–Molybdenum Sulphide Ore by Flotation

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