The Evolutionary Fate of Phenotypic Plasticity and Functional Traits under Domestication in Manioc: Changes in Stem Biomechanics and the Appearance of Stem Brittleness

Ménard, Léa; McKey, Doyle; Mühlen, Gilda Santos; Clair, Bruno; Rowe, Nick

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074727

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The direction and magnitude of a plastic response is itself expected to vary from one genotype or population to another and thus be susceptible to alteration through adaptive selection; empirical evidence supports this prediction (Des Marais et al, 2013; Schlichting and Wund, 2014). One aspect of the domestication syndrome in grains appears to be general reduction in plasticity, including the reduction in opportunistic branching achieved in many crops through increased apical dominance and the fixation of dwarfing mutations and other genes that suppress the ability of densely spaced grain plants to manifest the shade‐avoidance response (Ménard et al, 2013). The major maize domestication allele tb1 is less environmentally plastic in its effects than the teosinte allele, and thus makes plants less responsive to changes in plant density (Doebley et al, 1995).…”

Section: Trade‐offsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Useful insights from evolutionary biology for developing perennial grain crops¹

DeHaan

Tassel

2014

American J of Botany

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Perennial grain crops have been proposed as an elegant solution to numerous problems confronted in modern agriculture. Perennial grains are expected to increase water quality, reduce soil erosion, increase soil carbon, and improve habitat for wildlife ( Cox et al., 2006 ). Furthermore, perennials are predicted to be more resilient to abiotic stress resulting from climate change ( Cox et al., 2006 ). Initiating and expanding perennial grain breeding programs has been proposed as a strategy to address the looming challenges of land degradation, food security, energy supply, and climate change ( Glover et al., 2010 ).Strategies proposed for developing a wide array of new perennial grain crops ( Wagoner and Schaeffer, 1990 ;Cox et al., 2002 ) typically are separated into two groups: wide hybridization and de novo domestication. In de novo domestication, repeated cycles of selection are performed out of a wild perennial population to achieve a high-yielding domestic type. In wide hybridization, an existing grain crop is crossed with a wild perennial relative, and then either the hybrid population is improved, or repeated rounds of backcrossing are performed to introgress genes for perennial growth until the phenotype in other ways resembles the annual crop parent. Here, we will not address the array of genetic effects that are derived from wide hybridizations, but will rather focus our attention on the mechanisms specifi c to early stages of selection from wild populations.The breeding strategies required for selecting out of wild material vs. improving yield of domesticated species are sure to differ. Whereas the fi rst stages of domestication in cereal crops involve dramatic changes that facilitate uniform planting and effi cient harvesting, crop improvement (of existing domestic species) involves improvements in yield and palatability or diversifi cation based on regional adaptation or harvested product qualities ( Olsen and Wendel, 2013 ). Although the early steps toward domestication will include yield gains, the primary objective is to transform the phenotype in ways that make a plant useful to meet human food needs. Subsequent crop improvement is associated with relatively modest incremental morphological changes.Since few grain species have been recently domesticated ( Meyer et al., 2012 ), most plant breeding theory and practice is based on improvement of previously domesticated species. With over a decade of experience domesticating new grain crops (described by Cox et al., 2010 ), we have been searching for genetic insights that are specifi c to taking wild species through the early stages of domestication. We have found strategies for the wholesale remodeling of plants (as is required to develop perennial grains) to be rare in the plant breeding literature. Therefore, we have turned to fi ndings in other fi elds to develop more complete and effi cient strategies for our own programs and, we hope, for the benefi t of colleagues considering the domestication of other wild species.Here we review literature i...

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Section: Trade‐offsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Useful insights from evolutionary biology for developing perennial grain crops¹

DeHaan

Tassel

2014

American J of Botany

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“…Subsequently in Amazonia, detoxification and cultivation techniques were innovated and led to the relaxation of selective pressures against cyanogenic glucosides to the point where a more toxic, but high starch-yielder evolved (66). Recent research has identified traits that facilitate vegetative propagation of cropped manioc, such as pronounced parenchymatous swellings at the nodes leading to brittle stems that can be readily broken for replanting, are absent in wild relatives (67).…”

Section: Comparing Timing Of Domestication In Vegecultural Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent evolution and parallelism in plant domestication revealed by an expanding archaeological record

Fuller

Denham

Arroyo‐Kalin

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

361

322

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Recent increases in archaeobotanical evidence offer insights into the processes of plant domestication and agricultural origins, which evolved in parallel in several world regions. Many different crop species underwent convergent evolution and acquired domestication syndrome traits. For a growing number of seed crop species, these traits can be quantified by proxy from archaeological evidence, providing measures of the rates of change during domestication. Among domestication traits, nonshattering cereal ears evolved more quickly in general than seed size. Nevertheless, most domestication traits show similarly slow rates of phenotypic change over several centuries to millennia, and these rates were similar across different regions of origin. Crops reproduced vegetatively, including tubers and many fruit trees, are less easily documented in terms of morphological domestication, but multiple lines of evidence outline some patterns in the development of vegecultural systems across the New World and Old World tropics. Pathways to plant domestication can also be compared in terms of the cultural and economic factors occurring at the start of the process. Whereas agricultural societies have tended to converge on higher population densities and sedentism, in some instances cultivation began among sedentary hunter-gatherers whereas more often it was initiated by mobile societies of hunter-gatherers or herder-gatherers.D omestication offers an ideal laboratory for understanding evolution because it is a recent phenomenon in terms of geological time scales and because the selection pressures that affect harvestability by humans are often known (1). Domestication is a product of human behaviors that regulate or increase food supply, but may also inadvertently lock humans into an increased reliance on managed taxa (2). Archaeological research provides a fossil record of past organisms undergoing domestication, often accompanied by cultural artifacts associated with habitat management or niche construction (3, 4). The effects of agriculture in terms of intensifying land productivity to support larger populations has been fundamental to the development of civilizations and the ongoing impact on and management of ecosystems (5, 6). Domestications have occurred separately on different continents and in different cultural traditions, and thus represent a set of parallel experiments from which to infer recurrent processes (Fig. 1). In some cases this represents parallelism of phylogenetically related organisms that have been subjected to similar selection pressures and developed identical or similar adaptations in different places. In others, we can consider domestication as convergent evolution, in as much as similar adaptations have evolved across crops in different plant families. These parallel adaptations have been defined as the "domestication syndrome" (7, 8). A distinction can be made between true convergence, in which analogous states have been reached from very different and unrelated starting points, versus parallelism...

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“…This is true despite well-grounded research showing strong correlations among organ size (e.g., fruit size), branching intensity, and other domestication syndrome traits [27,34]. Research on allometry, anatomy, or plant hydraulics [35,36] should be implemented to identify and understand constraints in trait evolution during domestication [37]. Other perspectives include trait coordination within the phenotypic space [38,39], quantification of the intensities of phenotypic integration and plasticity [40][41][42], or modeling trait interactions through path analyses [31].…”

Section: Constraints and The Integrated Plant Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%