The evolutionary origin of the mammalian diaphragm

Perry, Steven F.; Similowski, Thomas; Klein, Wilfried; Codd, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2010.01.004

Cited by 73 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Its activity during the latter maneuvers both raises intra-abdominal pressure and prevents the high intra-abdominal pressure from pushing abdominal contents into the thorax. The important role of the diaphragm in both inspiratory and expulsive maneuvers has been emphasized recently by Perry and co-workers (220).…”

Section: Activities Involving Expulsive Maneuversmentioning

confidence: 97%

Coordination of Breathing with Nonrespiratory Activities

Bartlett¹,

Leiter²

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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Many articles in this section of Comprehensive Physiology are concerned with the development and function of a central pattern generator (CPG) for the control of breathing in vertebrate animals. The action of the respiratory CPG is extensively modified by cortical and other descending influences as well as by feedback from peripheral sensory systems. The central nervous system also incorporates other CPGs, which orchestrate a wide variety of discrete and repetitive, voluntary and involuntary movements. The coordination of breathing with these other activities requires interaction and coordination between the respiratory CPG and those governing the nonrespiratory activities. Most of these interactions are complex and poorly understood. They seem to involve both conventional synaptic crosstalk between groups of neurons and fluid identity of neurons as belonging to one CPG or another: neurons that normally participate in breathing may be temporarily borrowed or hijacked by a competing or interrupting activity. This review explores the control of breathing as it is influenced by many activities that are generally considered to be nonrespiratory. The mechanistic detail varies greatly among topics, reflecting the wide variety of pertinent experiments.

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Section: Activities Involving Expulsive Maneuversmentioning

confidence: 97%

Coordination of Breathing with Nonrespiratory Activities

Bartlett¹,

Leiter²

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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“…The parts of the inner layer form the peripheral sections of the diaphragm. Extensions of the pleural cavities into the body walls form the costodiaphragmatic recesses, which forms the domeshaped adult diaphragm [11,12]. In terms of the embryonic origins, the diaphragm consists of two distinct muscles each of which has different actions on the rib cage.…”

Section: Embryology Of the Diaphragmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network of Breathing. Multifunctional Role of the Diaphragm: A Review

Kocjan

Adamek

Gzik-Zroska

et al. 2017

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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The diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in active inspiration and serves also as an important anatomical landmark that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity. However, the diaphragm muscle like other structures and organs in the human body has more than one function, and displays many anatomic links throughout the body, thereby forming a 'network of breathing'. Besides respiratory function, it is important for postural control as it stabilises the lumbar spine during loading tasks. It also plays a vital role in the vascular and lymphatic systems, as well as, is greatly involved in gastroesophageal functions such as swallowing, vomiting, and contributing to the gastroesophageal reflux barrier. In this paper we set out in detail the anatomy and embryology of the diaphragm and attempt to show it serves as both: an important exchange point of information, originating in different areas of the body, and a source of information in itself. The study also discusses all of its functions related to breathing.

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“…Many amniotes such as mammals display internal body septation that inhibits visceral movement, and may also involve additional muscle groups (383). Functionally, there are three such mechanisms that are nonmutually exclusive: (i) passive internal septation, (ii) muscular septa, and (iii) direct involvement of additional body wall muscles (621). …”

Section: Section 3 Air Breathing In Vertebrates: Transition From Watmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Air Breathing: Oxygen Homeostasis and the Transitions from Water to Land and Sky

Hsia

Schmitz

Lambertz

et al. 2013

Comprehensive Physiology

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282

147

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Life originated in anoxia, but many organisms came to depend upon oxygen for survival, independently evolving diverse respiratory systems for acquiring oxygen from the environment. Ambient oxygen tension (PO2) fluctuated through the ages in correlation with biodiversity and body size, enabling organisms to migrate from water to land and air and sometimes in the opposite direction. Habitat expansion compels the use of different gas exchangers, for example, skin, gills, tracheae, lungs, and their intermediate stages, that may coexist within the same species; coexistence may be temporally disjunct (e.g., larval gills vs. adult lungs) or simultaneous (e.g., skin, gills, and lungs in some salamanders). Disparate systems exhibit similar directions of adaptation: toward larger diffusion interfaces, thinner barriers, finer dynamic regulation, and reduced cost of breathing. Efficient respiratory gas exchange, coupled to downstream convective and diffusive resistances, comprise the “oxygen cascade”—step-down of PO2 that balances supply against toxicity. Here, we review the origin of oxygen homeostasis, a primal selection factor for all respiratory systems, which in turn function as gatekeepers of the cascade. Within an organism's lifespan, the respiratory apparatus adapts in various ways to upregulate oxygen uptake in hypoxia and restrict uptake in hyperoxia. In an evolutionary context, certain species also become adapted to environmental conditions or habitual organismic demands. We, therefore, survey the comparative anatomy and physiology of respiratory systems from invertebrates to vertebrates, water to air breathers, and terrestrial to aerial inhabitants. Through the evolutionary directions and variety of gas exchangers, their shared features and individual compromises may be appreciated.

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The evolutionary origin of the mammalian diaphragm

Cited by 73 publications

References 139 publications

Coordination of Breathing with Nonrespiratory Activities

Coordination of Breathing with Nonrespiratory Activities

Network of Breathing. Multifunctional Role of the Diaphragm: A Review

Evolution of Air Breathing: Oxygen Homeostasis and the Transitions from Water to Land and Sky

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