The exchange of wind-driven fog and mist between vegetation and the atmosphere

Shuttleworth, W. James

doi:10.1007/bf00123193

Cited by 74 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Topographical factors, such as the hill slope orientation, and site location, such as crest lines or positions just slightly upwind, are favourable to its occurrence (Schemenauer et al 1987). Vegetation features, such as canopy height and architecture, foliar surface type, leaf area index and foliage density, are also important (Kittredge 1948, Parsons 1960, Shuttleworth 1977, Goodman 1985.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud water interception in the temperate laurel forest of Madeira Island

Figueira

Sequeira

Vasconcelos

et al. 2013

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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A cloud belt frequently forms on the windward side of Madeira Island, between 800 and 1600 m a.s.l., as a result of adiabatic cooling of the northeastern trade winds that are forced upward. Temperate laurel forest is the most common vegetation inside that cloud belt altitudinal range. Cloud water interception was estimated by comparing precipitation and throughfall during a hydrological year. It totalled 200 mm (8% of rainfall) during 65 days (3 mm d -1 ) and seems to constitute a larger fraction of water input during drier months. Multiple linear regression between gauge standard deviation and throughfall throughout rain events shows that cloud interception is common before the onset of rainfall. Its role in the ecohydrology of laurel forest and in the island's hydrology should be acknowledged. Further studies on this issue should be a priority in order to better understand these dynamics and provide tools for the correct management of this protected forest and the island's groundwater resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud water interception in the temperate laurel forest of Madeira Island

Figueira

Sequeira

Vasconcelos

et al. 2013

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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“…En el caso del pastizal, las entradas por interceptación de niebla se consideraron despreciables (cf. Shuttleworth 1977).…”

Section: Métodosunclassified

Efectos hidrológicos de la conversión del bosque de niebla en el centro de Veracruz, México

Muñoz-Villers¹,

Holwerda²,

Alvarado-Barrientos³

et al. 2015

Bosque (Valdivia)

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SUMMARYThe provision and regulation of water flows in catchments is probably the most important ecosystem service of cloud forests; however, its hydrological behavior and impacts associated with forest conversion remain very poorly understood. The present study aimed at evaluating the hydrological effects of land use change for a cloud forest region on volcanic soils in Veracruz, Mexico. For this, micrometeorological, ecophysiological and hydrological measurements combined with stable isotope data were used. The findings showed higher annual water yields in pasture, as well as young and mature Pinus patula pine plantations due to lower evapotranspiration rates as compared to mature and secondary cloud forests. Total annual and seasonal flows were found very similar in both cloud forests, suggesting catchment hydrological functioning can be restored within 20 years of natural regeneration. Conversely, the pasture catchment showed higher annual streamflow (10 %), however 50 % on average lower baseflow at the end of the dry season, associated probably with more gentle slopes in combination with lower soil infiltration capacity. Further, it was shown that the conversion of cloud forest to pasture can promote major increases in overland flow in response to maximum rainfall events, despite the high permeability of the volcanic soils characterizing this environment. The ultimate effect of P. patula reforestation at catchment scale is still unknown, though higher rainfall infiltration rates, compared to pasture, suggest a soil hydrological recovery in the short to medium term.Key words: land use change, evapotranspiration, streamflow, hydrograph separation, stable isotopes. RESUMENLa provisión y regulación de flujos de agua en cuencas es probablemente el servicio ecosistémico más importante de los bosques de niebla, sin embargo, su funcionamiento hidrológico y cómo éste es alterado por el cambio en el uso de suelo es aún muy poco entendido. Este estudio evaluó los efectos hidrológicos causados por la conversión del bosque mesófilo de montaña sobre suelo volcánico a otros tipos de vegetación en Veracruz, México. Para ello, se realizaron mediciones micrometeorológicas, ecofisiológicas e hidrológicas combinadas con información isotópica. Los resultados mostraron mayores rendimientos hídricos anuales en el pastizal y plantaciones de Pinus patula joven y maduro debido a menores tasas de evapotranspiración comparados con el bosque maduro y secundario. El caudal total anual y estacional fue similar en los bosques, sugiriendo que con 20 años de regeneración natural es posible restaurar la funcionalidad hidrológica de microcuencas. En contraste, la microcuenca de pastizal reportó un mayor caudal anual (10 %), pero flujos 50 % en promedio más bajos al final de la época de estiaje, asociado probablemente a una topografía más suave y una menor capacidad de infiltración. Aún en sustratos volcánicos altamente permeables, se observó que la conversión de bosque a pastizal puede conducir a incrementos importantes en los flujos superfici...

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“…perhaps one (Shuttleworth, 1977). In general, however, 'wetting up' in rainfall, and 'drying out', occurs non-uniformly: there are simultaneously completely wet and completely dry elements, even at the same level, together with elements which are partly covered with fairly extensive areas of water.…”

Section: The Combination Of 'Individual Element' Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simplified one-dimensional theoretical description of the vegetation-atmosphere interaction

Shuttleworth¹

1978

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Shuttleworth (1976b) demonstrated that it is possible to write a 'multi-layer' model of the vegetation-atmosphere interaction in analytically continuous form and create a one-dimensional description, of general applicability, with evaporation described by a combination equation similar to the Penman-Monteith equation. The present paper develops and simplifies that analysis in an attempt to provide a more practical description. It is shown that the generalized combination equation can be rewritten in a form which is identical to the Penman-Monteith equation in the single-source limit prouiding that the canopy resistance is redefined in two alternative ways, according to whether there is large-scale variation in surface wetness. Both of these definitions reduce to the Monteith (1965) form in dry conditions, and indicate zero surface resistance in wet conditions. The version applicable to situations involving large-scale variation in surface wetness, which is considered the general description in rainfall conditions, is consistent with published data in partially wet conditions (Shuttleworth, 1976a). This version allows a separation of the 'interception loss' and 'transpiration loss' components and, although approximate, has potential value in that it allows an experimental test of speculative models of interception loss, and provides the means whereby such models can be merged with Penman-Monteith models of transpiration loss, to provide a model of evapotranspiration.A preliminary test of a simple, single-source model of interception loss shows satisfactory agreement with experimental data.

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The exchange of wind-driven fog and mist between vegetation and the atmosphere

Cited by 74 publications

References 18 publications

Cloud water interception in the temperate laurel forest of Madeira Island

Cloud water interception in the temperate laurel forest of Madeira Island

Efectos hidrológicos de la conversión del bosque de niebla en el centro de Veracruz, México

A simplified one-dimensional theoretical description of the vegetation-atmosphere interaction

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