“…Further, the discount and premium due to pricing deviation is attributable to volatility of index, momentum, illiquidity and size effect (Ackert and Tian, 2008). DeFusco et al (2011) observe that creation and redemption of ETFs (spider, diamonds and cube) leads to predictable pricing deviation that act as an additional implicit cost. The factors such as stationarity of the pricing deviation, clustering of volatility, lead-lag relationship, dividend accumulation and distribution explain such predictability in pricing deviation.…”