THE EXCRETION OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE IN THE URINE AND ITS DETECTION IN THE BLOOD<sup>1</sup>

Ames, Rose G.; Moore, Dan H.; Dyke, H. B. Van

doi:10.1210/endo-46-2-215

Cited by 74 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Fresh In Group I the initial effect was the production of a water diuresis (i.e., the urine minute volumes increased markedly to levels of [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] cc./min. and sodium and chloride concentrations decreased) beginning about 30 minutes after the infusion was started.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous Posterior Pituitary Antidiuretic Hormone on Water and Electrolyte Excretion 1

Murphy¹,

Stead²

1951

J. Clin. Invest.

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The urine output of normal subjects varies greatly from hour to hour. Two of the important factors affecting the urine volume are the degree of activity of the posterior pituitary gland and the amount of solids to be excreted in the urine. In general, whenever the normal kidney is excreting a concentrated urine of low volume, secretion of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) of the posterior pituitary gland is occurring. This secretion may be due to emotional, drug, or other nervous stimulation, or to an increased osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid. The excretion of a large amount of very dilute urine by the normal kidney occurs when ADH production is inhibited either by nervous or osmotic stimuli. When concentrated electrolyte solutions are administered intravenously, a large quantity of concentrated urine is produced. This large urine volume appears to be the result of the osmotic effects of the solids in the urine, and the volume is not decreased by secretion of ADH.While there is general agreement as to the effects of ADH on water excretion, there has been little information on its effects on sodium, chloride and potassium excretion in man. The purposes of this study were (1 ) to determine the effect of endogenously produced ADH on the excretion of water, sodium and chloride, (2) to determine whether minute doses of commercial Pitressin given intravenously had the same effects on water and electrolyte excretion as endogenously produced ADH, (3) to determine whether the rate of excretion of sodium modified the antidiuretic effectiveness of Pitressin, and (4) to determine whether Pitressin given intravenously in minute doses altered glomerular filtration rate or renal plasma flow. Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada. MATERIALS AND METHODSAll of the following studies have been carried out on human subjects without endocrine, renal, cardiac, or other disease which has a known effect on water and electrolyte metabolism. All had been on normal salt and water intakes in the past. All subjects were studied in the post-absorptive state as regards food. The differing water and electrolyte conditions which were introduced as a part of the study will be mentioned specifically in the results.In all studies the same lot of Pitressin (commercial ADH prepared by Parke, Davis and Company) has been used. Fresh solutions of Pitressin in .9% NaCl were prepared for each experiment. The doses varied somewhat as specifically mentioned but where it is not mentioned, the dose was arbitrarily fixed at 1.0 milliunit per kilo of body weight.Urine collections were made from an indwelling urethral catheter which was placed at the bladder neck with considerable care. Throughout the full period of each study, which was carried out in a quiet, isolated environment, the patient was recumbent but not sleeping. As much assurance as possible was given to avoid any emotional upset during the simple procedures that were carried out.In all cases except the clearance studies, urine was collected at arbitrary time intervals of 10 minutes. Individ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous Posterior Pituitary Antidiuretic Hormone on Water and Electrolyte Excretion 1

Murphy¹,

Stead²

1951

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The bath fluid was removed every 15 min for 1 h, snapfrozen in cardice-acetone and stored at -30°C until analysis. These experiments were repeated on fresh tissue after treatment of the OT standard (2 min) and CL extract with one of the following: (a) 20 1A 0.02 M sodium thioglycollate (Sigma, Poole, Dorset) at pH 7.5 for 30 min at room temperature (Ames et al, 1950); (b) 0.1 ml of oxytocin antibody (dilution 1:30,000) and incubated for 8 h; (c) 0.1 ml of nonimmune serum (obtained from sheep immunized with bovine serum albumin) and incubated for 8 h; (d) 1, 2 and 4 pg doses of oxytocin antagonist, (1-(8-mercapto-P, P-diethylpropionic acid), 2-0-ethyl tyrosine, 8-ornithine) vasotocin (d Et2 Tyr (Et). OVT, code KB-IV-24; a gift from Professor Manning).…”

Section: Bioassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the presence of oxytocin in the corpus luteum of the goat

Homeida

1986

British J Pharmacology

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1 Purified acetic acid extracts of corpora lutea (CL) of non-pregnant goats were found to contain substantial amounts of oxytocin (OT) as measured by radioimmunoassay.2 OT standard and the CL extracts released prostaglandin F2, (PGF2,) from rat isolated uteri in a quantitatively similar manner. 3 Treatment of both OT standard and CL extract with sodium thioglycolate, oxytocin antiserum or oxytocin antagonist abolished this biological activity. 4 Acid extracts ofCL of pregnant goat were found to contain approximately 2% of levels during the cycle by day 21 after fertile mating and this had a reduced ability to release PGF2. from rat uterus.5 It is concluded that both the immunoreactivity and the biological activity ofthe CL extracts are due to the presence of an oxytocin-like substance and that tissue levels of oxytocin are low in pregnant compared to non-pregnant goats.

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“…Secondly, serum for assay was obtained from the jugular veins of the dog but from the antecubital veins of the humans. The concentration of secretions of the posterior pituitary might be expected to be considerably higher in venous blood from the head than from the arm or leg (8).…”

Section: Fig 1 the Normal Diuretic Pattern In The Dogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have demonstrated antidiuretic activity in the urine or serum of rats (3,4), cats (5) and dogs (6)(7)(8) following dehydration or after infusions of hypertonic saline solutions. Following water administration or hypophysectomy no antidiuretic activity is present in urine or serum.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Normal Antidiuretic Mechanism in Man and Dog; Its Regulation by Extracellular Fluid Tonicity 12

Leaf¹,

Mamby²

1952

J. Clin. Invest.

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THE EXCRETION OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE IN THE URINE AND ITS DETECTION IN THE BLOOD¹

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous Posterior Pituitary Antidiuretic Hormone on Water and Electrolyte Excretion 1

Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous Posterior Pituitary Antidiuretic Hormone on Water and Electrolyte Excretion 1

Evidence for the presence of oxytocin in the corpus luteum of the goat

The Normal Antidiuretic Mechanism in Man and Dog; Its Regulation by Extracellular Fluid Tonicity 12

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THE EXCRETION OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE IN THE URINE AND ITS DETECTION IN THE BLOOD1

Cited by 74 publications

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Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous Posterior Pituitary Antidiuretic Hormone on Water and Electrolyte Excretion 1

Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous Posterior Pituitary Antidiuretic Hormone on Water and Electrolyte Excretion 1

Evidence for the presence of oxytocin in the corpus luteum of the goat

The Normal Antidiuretic Mechanism in Man and Dog; Its Regulation by Extracellular Fluid Tonicity 12

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THE EXCRETION OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE IN THE URINE AND ITS DETECTION IN THE BLOOD¹