The Experience of Landscape

Abstract

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. American Geographical Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Geographical Review. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 169.229.32.137 on Thu, 8 May 2014 18:55:55 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW THE GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEWempirical analysis of metropolitan growth patterns in the United States and shows that the problems of central cities are not confined to the large metropolitan areas. The central cities of small metropolitan areas are apparently experiencing the same difficulties. An extension to the theoretical literature on urban rent models is provided by Schuler, who shows how the spatial equilibrium distribution of residential population responds to variations in household tastes as well as differences in income distributions. Two papers are concerned with topics in urban transportation analysis. Boyce, Allen, and Tang present a method for estimating the impact of rapid transit lines on the sales prices of residential property. The method uses a simple model of market areas to identify regions where rapid transit lines have an impact on property values. Empirical results for the impact of the Lindenwold line near Philadelphia are presented. The economics of car pools are subjected to an extended analysis by Newlon, who discusses possible benefits to users as well as the positive effects on energy consumption and congestion.Another set of papers deals with issues of pollution control and environmental management in several contexts. Isard and Kaniss analyze the problem of worldwide environmental management in the framework of a recursive linear programming model of world production. Outputs of pollution are included among the activity levels determined in this model, and management policies can be expressed as constraints. Isard and Kaniss use the model to point out the sources of major international conflicts that are likely to arise in the context of environmental management and argue for a strong world organization to cope with these conflicts.Environmental pollution at the scale of an urban center is analyzed by Cesario. He presents some of the results of an extensive analysis of relationships between urban structure and air pollution, including the relationships between pollution and urban size, the age of a city, the use of pollution-control technology, and the spatial form of the city. Environmental quality in the context of wilderness management is discussed in an article by Smith, Webster, and Heck, who report on the use of a simulation model to evaluate the effects of different management strategies.The remaining papers range over a variety of topics, and some present innovati...

Gardening for wildlife: A mixed‐methods exploration of the factors underlying engagement in wildlife‐friendly gardening

“…The manicured gardener embodied Nassauer's (1995) classic division between ecological quality and visual preference (Gobster et al, 2007). In this case, the preference was for open and coherent landscapes, which chimed with prospect‐refuge (Appleton, 1996) and information‐processing theories (Kaplan et al, 1998). On the other hand, laid‐back gardeners found beauty in vegetation they perceived to be naturally occurring, and they not only accepted more structurally complex landscapes but actually preferred them.…”

“…prospect-refuge (Appleton, 1996) and information-processing theories (Kaplan et al, 1998). On the other hand, laid-back gardeners found beauty in vegetation they perceived to be naturally occurring, and they not only accepted more structurally complex landscapes but actually preferred them.…”

Nudge Design Strategies for Experiential Marketing and Retail Space Branding

“…For example, a small hole provides the instinctive desire to peep inside. The children's sections in IKEA stores also have many products that satisfy the innate human desire like "prospect and refuge" (Appleton, 1996;Lidwell et al, 2010). Humans unconsciously prefer an environment with both an open view (to observe the coming danger) and a hiding space (to escape from that danger), which could explain why children spend time in the section where tents and playhouses are displayed.…”

New algorithms for generating isovist field and isovist measurements

“…From this viewpoint, spatial configuration can be considered a law that governs whatever one can see at any given moment and has access to, if they move. Theories, such as refuge and perspective (Appleton, 1996;Hildebrand, 1999), even try to define the two factors of visual and access data, as the main bases for human perception and behavior in the environment.…”