The Expression of TaRca2-α Gene Associated with Net Photosynthesis Rate, Biomass and Grain Yield in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Field Conditions

Iqbal, Saeed; Bachir, Daoura Goudia; Chen, Liang; Hu, Yin‐Gang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161308

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This underlying unknown molecular mechanism for microbe-plant cell signaling is yet to be explored. Similarly, the expression of TaGlk1 involved in the maintenance of photosynthetic apparatus, TaPORA related to chlorophyll biosynthesis ( Rauf et al, 2013a ), TaRcaB gene for fixation of CO 2 ( Saeed et al, 2016 ), TaFTSH2 gene for photosystem II repair, and TaTIF5A-1 gene for protein biosynthesis was downregulated in waterlogging stressed wheat plants, but differentially induced in MAP1-inoculated, waterlogged stressed plants compared to non-inoculated waterlogged wheat. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are major “molecular chaperones” that act as protein folding catalysts and may enhance tolerance against stresses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of the 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid (ACC) Deaminase Producing Trichoderma asperellum MAP1 in Enhancing Wheat Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress

et al. 2021

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Waterlogging stress (WS) induces ethylene (ET) and polyamine (spermine, putrescine, and spermidine) production in plants, but their reprogramming is a decisive element for determining the fate of the plant upon waterlogging-induced stress. WS can be challenged by exploring symbiotic microbes that improve the plant’s ability to grow better and resist WS. The present study deals with identification and application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing fungal endophyte Trichoderma asperellum (strain MAP1), isolated from the roots of Canna indica L., on wheat growth under WS. MAP1 positively affected wheat growth by secreting phytohormones/secondary metabolites, strengthening the plant’s antioxidant system and influencing the physiology through polyamine production and modulating gene expression. MAP1 inoculation promoted yield in comparison to non-endophyte inoculated waterlogged seedlings. Exogenously applied ethephon (ET synthesis inducer) and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC; ET precursor) showed a reduction in growth, compared to MAP1-inoculated waterlogged seedlings, while amino-oxyacetic acid (AOA; ET inhibitor) application reversed the negative effect imposed by ET and ACC, upon waterlogging treatment. A significant reduction in plant growth rate, chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance was noticed, while H2O2, MDA production, and electrolyte leakage were increased in non-inoculated waterlogged seedlings. Moreover, in comparison to non-inoculated waterlogged wheat seedlings, MAP1-inoculated waterlogged wheat exhibited antioxidant–enzyme activities. In agreement with the physiological results, genes associated with the free polyamine (PA) biosynthesis were highly induced and PA content was abundant in MAP1-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, ET biosynthesis/signaling gene expression was reduced upon MAP1 inoculation under WS. Briefly, MAP1 mitigated the adverse effect of WS in wheat, by reprogramming the PAs and ET biosynthesis, which leads to optimal stomatal conductance, increased photosynthesis, and membrane stability as well as reduced ET-induced leaf senescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of the 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid (ACC) Deaminase Producing Trichoderma asperellum MAP1 in Enhancing Wheat Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress

et al. 2021

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“…The relative expression and protein abundance of these three isoforms in relation to one another may be an important factor in wheat heat stress tolerance. Higher amounts of TaRca2-a expression under nonstressed physiological conditions have been reported to be linked to increased photosynthesis, biomass, and yield in wheat (Saeed et al, 2016). Furthermore, the protein profile of wheat Rca determined by westernblot analysis shows that there are two bands corresponding to an aand a b-isoform and abundance of a third band in close proximity to the position of the original b-isoform when wheat is exposed to heat stress (Law and Crafts-Brandner, 2001;Ristic et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Conserved Sequence from Heat-Adapted Species Improves Rubisco Activase Thermostability in Wheat

Scafaro

Bautsoens²,

Boer³

et al. 2019

Plant Physiol.

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The central enzyme of photosynthesis, Rubisco, is regulated by Rubisco activase (Rca). Photosynthesis is impaired during heat stress, and this limitation is often attributed to the heat-labile nature of Rca. We characterized gene expression and protein thermostability for the three Rca isoforms present in wheat (Triticum aestivum), namely TaRca1-b, TaRca2-a, and TaRca2-b. Furthermore, we compared wheat Rca with one of the two Rca isoforms from rice (Oryza sativa; OsRca-b) and Rca from other species adapted to warm environments. The TaRca1 gene was induced, whereas TaRca2 was suppressed by heat stress. The TaRca2 isoforms were sensitive to heat degradation, with thermal midpoints of 35°C 6 0.3°C, the temperature at which Rubisco activation velocity by Rca was halved. By contrast, TaRca1-b was more thermotolerant, with a thermal midpoint of 42°C, matching that of rice OsRca-b. Mutations of the TaRca2-b isoform based on sequence alignment of the thermostable TaRca1b from wheat, OsRca-b from rice, and a consensus sequence representing Rca from warm-adapted species enabled the identification of 11 amino acid substitutions that improved its thermostability by greater than 7°C without a reduction in catalytic velocity at a standard 25°C. Protein structure modeling and mutational analysis suggested that the thermostability of these mutational variants arises from monomeric and not oligomeric thermal stabilization. These results provide a mechanism for improving the heat stress tolerance of photosynthesis in wheat and potentially other species, which is a desirable outcome considering the likelihood that crops will face more frequent heat stress conditions over the coming decades.

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“…61 Rubisco activase (RCA) regulates the activity of Rubisco, and the expression of RCA in bread wheat contributes substantially to the net photosynthesis rate and crop yield. 62 Therefore, the up-accumulation of RAF1 and RCA may account for the increased level of RBCS1B and hence promote CO 2 fixation in Bndcl1. Previous research revealed that adenosine monophosphate kinase 2 (AMK2) plays key roles in reversible formation of ADP in the plastid stroma and its expression is positively correlated with the expression of genes required for photosynthesis.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological, Physiological, and Comparative Proteomic Analyses Provide Insights into Leaf Rolling in Brassica napus

et al. 2018

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Moderate leaf rolling is important in ideotype breeding, as it improves photosynthetic efficiency and therefore increases crop yields. To understand the regulatory network of leaf rolling in Brassica napus, a down-curved leaf mutant ( Bndcl1) has been investigated. Physiological analyses indicated that the chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities were remarkably increased and the photosynthetic performance was significantly improved in Bndcl1. Consistent with these findings, 943 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in the Bndcl1 mutant and its wild-type plants using iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analyses. Enrichment analysis of proteins with higher abundance in Bndcl1 revealed that the functional category "photosynthesis" was significantly overrepresented. Moreover, proteins associated with oxidative stress response and photosystem II repairing were also up-accumulated in Bndcl1, which might help the mutant to sustain the photosynthetic efficiency under unfavorable conditions. Histological observation showed that the mutant displayed defects in adaxial-abaxial patterning. Important DAPs associated with leaf polarity establishment were detected in Bndcl1, including ribosomal proteins, proteins involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing, and proteins related to brassinosteroid. Together, our findings may help clarify the mechanisms underlying leaf rolling and its physiological effects on plants and may facilitate ideotype breeding in Brassica napus.

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The Expression of TaRca2-α Gene Associated with Net Photosynthesis Rate, Biomass and Grain Yield in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Field Conditions

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Molecular Mechanisms of the 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid (ACC) Deaminase Producing Trichoderma asperellum MAP1 in Enhancing Wheat Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress

Molecular Mechanisms of the 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid (ACC) Deaminase Producing Trichoderma asperellum MAP1 in Enhancing Wheat Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress

A Conserved Sequence from Heat-Adapted Species Improves Rubisco Activase Thermostability in Wheat

Histological, Physiological, and Comparative Proteomic Analyses Provide Insights into Leaf Rolling in Brassica napus

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