The expression patterns of SNMP1 and SNMP2 underline distinct functions of two CD36-related proteins in the olfactory system of the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens

Blankenburg, S.; Cassau, Sina; Krieger, Jürgen

doi:10.1007/s00441-019-03066-y

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Similar to previous studies, we identified 2 SNMPs (Liu et al 2014;Liu et al 2013). Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the differently expressed A. grahami OF05479 is clustered into SNMP2, which is a protein that considered to be an important component of protecting olfactory function (Blankenburg et al 2019) (Fig.S5). In addition, we have found that A. grahami OF07379 and L. cuprina SNMP3 were gathered in the same cluster, indicating that they possibly have a similar function.…”

Section: Manuscript To Be Reviewedsupporting

confidence: 76%

Peer Review #1 of "Identification of olfactory genes of a forensically important blow fly, Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (v0.1)"

2020

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Background：The time-length between the first colonization of necrophagous insect on the corpse and the beginning of investigation represents the most important forensic concept of minimum post-mortem inference (PMImin). Before colonization, the time spent by an insect to detect and locate a corpse could significantly influence the PMImin estimation. The olfactory system plays an important role in insect food foraging behavior. Proteins like odorant binding proteins, chemosensory proteins, odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors and sensory neuron membrane proteins represent the most important parts of this system. Exploration of the above genes and their necrophagous products should facilitate not only the understanding of their roles in forging but also their influence on the period before PMImin. Transcriptome sequencing has been wildly utilized to reveal the expression of particular genes under different temporal and spatial condition in a high throughput way. In this study, transcriptomic study was implemented on antennae of adult Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a necrophagous insect with forensic significance, to reveal the composition and expression feature of OBPs, CSPs, ORs, IRs and SNMPs genes at transcriptome level. Method: Antennae transcriptome sequencing of A. grahami was performed using next-generation deep sequencing on the platform of BGISEQ-500. The raw data were deposited into NCBI (PRJNA513084). All the transcripts were functionally annotated using GO and KEGG database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed between female and male antennae. The transcripts of OBPs, CSPs, ORs, IRs and SNMPs were identified based on sequence feature. Phylogenetic development of olfactory genes of A. grahami with other species was analyzed using MEGA 5.0. RT-qPCR was utilized to verify gene expression generated from the transcriptome sequencing. Results: In total, 14,193 genes were annotated in the antennae transcriptome based on the GO and the KEGG databases. We found that 740 DEGs were differently expressed between female and male antennae. Among those, 195 transcripts were annotated as candidate olfactory genes then checked by sequence feature. Of these, 27 OBPs, 1 CSPs, 49 ORs, 6 IRs and 2 SNMPs were finally identified in antennae of A. grahami. Phylogenetic development suggested that some olfactory genes may play a role in food forging, perception of pheromone and decomposing odors. Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest the existence of gender and spatial expression differences in olfactory genes from antennae of A. grahami. Such difference is likely to greatly influence insect behavior around a corpse. In addition, candidate olfactory genes with predicted function provide valuable information for further studies of the molecular mechanisms of olfactory detection of forensically important fly species and thus, deepen our understanding of the period before PMImin.

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Section: Manuscript To Be Reviewedsupporting

confidence: 76%

Peer Review #1 of "Identification of olfactory genes of a forensically important blow fly, Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (v0.1)"

2020

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“…In insects, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) detect male and female pheromone signals by expressing SNMP1. SNMP1 is thought to be the common receptor involved in transmitting pheromones to neighboring pheromone receptors (Blankenburg et al, 2019). In the present study, we found that SNMP1 was mainly expressed in females and SNMP2 was mainly expressed in males of H. assulta.…”

Section: Snmpssupporting

confidence: 59%

Identification of the Differences in Olfactory System Between Male and Female Oriental Tobacco Budworm Helicoverpa assulta 

Miao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The olfactory system of insects facilitates their search for host and mates, hence it plays an essential role for insect survival and reproduction. Insects recognize odor substances through olfactory neurons and olfactory genes. Previous studies showed that there are significant sex-specific differences in how insects identify odorant substances, especially sex pheromones. However, whether the sex-specific recognition of odorant substances is caused by differences in the expression of olfaction-related genes between males and females remains unclear. Results: In order to clarify this problem, the whole transcriptome sequence of the adult Helicoverpa assulta, an important agricultural pest of tobacco and other Solanaceae plants, was obtained using PacBio sequencing. RNA-seq analysis showed that there were 27 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 24 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 4 pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs), 68 odorant receptors (OR) and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) genes that were expressed in the antennae of male and female H. assulta. Females had significantly higher expression of GOBP1-like, OBP, OBP3, PBP3 and SNMP1 than males, while males had significantly higher expression of GOBP1, OBP7, OBP13, PBP2 and SNMP2. Conclusions: Our findings improve our understanding of olfactory genes in H. assulta, and can be used to further study pheromone identification, mate search, and sex differences in an insect’s ability to search for hosts. These results improve our understanding of mate search and host differentiation in H. assulta.

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“…In the Drosophila antenna, DmelSNMP1 is expressed by each OSN of all trichoid sensilla with no apparent differences between sexes, whereas OSNs of sensilla basiconica or sensilla coeliconica are devoid of the protein (Benton et al 2007). In Heliothis virescens, HvirSNMP1 is present in OSNs innervating subsets of trichoid sensilla with sex-specific differences in the number of SNMP1-expressing OSNs per sensillum (Zielonka et al 2018, Blankenburg et al 2019. Remarkably, in females, all the 2-3 OSNs of the trichoid sensilla express HvirSNMP1, whereas in males, only a single cell of such a cluster possesses the protein (Zielonka et al 2018).…”

Section: Expression Of Snmps In Osnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the discovery of SNMPs in moths, orthologues have been identified in many insect species from various orders, utilizing available SNMP sequences in extensive homology-based searches of transcriptome and genome databases (Vogt et al 2009, Zhao et al 2020. Within a given species, several SNMP-types have been revealed, which appeared to be differentially expressed in distinct subpopulations of the OR-expressing OSNs (Rogers et al 2001a, Benton et al 2007, Pregitzer et al 2019 and (contrary to what the name SNMP implies) in the support cells of olfactory sensilla (Forstner et al 2008, Gu et al 2013, Blankenburg et al 2019. While the role of SNMPs expressed by non-neuronal support cells is not yet understood, most recent results indicate that the neuronal-expressed SNMPs may act as co-receptors in the membrane of OSNs possibly involved in the transfer of lipophilic pheromones and distinct odorants to a nearby OR (Gomez-Diaz et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of SNMPs in insect olfaction

Cassau

Krieger

2020

Cell Tissue Res

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The sense of smell enables insects to recognize olfactory signals crucial for survival and reproduction. In insects, odorant detection highly depends on the interplay of distinct proteins expressed by specialized olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and associated support cells which are housed together in chemosensory units, named sensilla, mainly located on the antenna. Besides odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and olfactory receptors, so-called sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) are indicated to play a critical role in the detection of certain odorants. SNMPs are insect-specific membrane proteins initially identified in pheromone-sensitive OSNs of Lepidoptera and are indispensable for a proper detection of pheromones. In the last decades, genome and transcriptome analyses have revealed a wide distribution of SNMP-encoding genes in holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects, with a given species expressing multiple subtypes in distinct cells of the olfactory system. Besides SNMPs having a neuronal expression in subpopulations of OSNs, certain SNMP types were found expressed in OSN-associated support cells suggesting different decisive roles of SNMPs in the peripheral olfactory system. In this review, we will report the state of knowledge of neuronal and non-neuronal members of the SNMP family and discuss their possible functions in insect olfaction.

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The expression patterns of SNMP1 and SNMP2 underline distinct functions of two CD36-related proteins in the olfactory system of the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Peer Review #1 of "Identification of olfactory genes of a forensically important blow fly, Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (v0.1)"

Peer Review #1 of "Identification of olfactory genes of a forensically important blow fly, Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (v0.1)"

Identification of the Differences in Olfactory System Between Male and Female Oriental Tobacco Budworm Helicoverpa assulta

The role of SNMPs in insect olfaction

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The expression patterns of SNMP1 and SNMP2 underline distinct functions of two CD36-related proteins in the olfactory system of the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Peer Review #1 of "Identification of olfactory genes of a forensically important blow fly, Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (v0.1)"

Peer Review #1 of "Identification of olfactory genes of a forensically important blow fly, Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (v0.1)"

Identification of the Differences in Olfactory System Between Male and Female Oriental Tobacco Budworm Helicoverpa assulta&nbsp;

The role of SNMPs in insect olfaction

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Identification of the Differences in Olfactory System Between Male and Female Oriental Tobacco Budworm Helicoverpa assulta