The exstrophy-epispadias complex

Abstract

Patients with the exstrophy-epispadias complex are one of the most challenging groups encountered by pediatric urologists. They generally require surgery involving several reconstruction techniques, usually performed after the first week of life. Common problems in subsequent years include issues related to continence, sexual function, and the appearance of the lower abdomen and genitals. This article reviews major publications over the last few years related to managing patients with this rare, complex, congenital genitourinary anomaly.

Pediatric Bladder Disorders

“…Epispadias in boys (except with minimal distal forms of epispadias) is also often associated with incontinence and is easy to diagnose. In both sexes, it should be treated surgically as early as possible to avoid an acquired bladder dysfunction [65].…”

Retropubic bulbourethral sling in incontinence post‐exstrophy repair: 2‐year minimal follow up of a salvage procedure

“…Correcting urinary incontinence after primary closure of bladder exstrophy is challenging. 1,2 The goal of exstrophy repair is good bladder capacity, a competent outlet and preservation of the upper tract. Therefore, many have reported the importance of bladder augmentation.…”