The extent of the verbal encoding ability of Korsakoff patients

Cermak, Laird S.; Butters, Nelson; Gerrein, John R.

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(73)90068-7

Cited by 131 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, as noted by Schacter, Verfaellie, et al (1996) and Schacter, Verfaellie, et al (1997), our ªndings contrast with an older study of false recognition in amnesic patients reported by Cermak, Butters, and Gerrein (1973). In their experiment, new words were preceded by a single homophone, associate, or synonym.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

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When True Recognition Suppresses False Recognition: Evidence from Amnesic Patients

Schacter

Verfaellie

Anes

et al. 1998

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

124

109

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False recognition occurs when people mistakenly claim that a novel item is familiar. After studying lists of semantically related words, healthy controls show extraordinarily high levels of false recognition to nonstudied lures that are semantic associates of study list words. In previous experiments, we found that both Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff amnesic patients show reduced levels of false recognition to semantic associates, implying that the medial temporal/diencephalic structures that are damaged in amnesic patients are involved in the encoding and/or retrieval of information that underlies false recognition. These data contrast with earlier results indicating greater false recognition in Korsakoff amnesics than in control subjects. The present experiment tests the hypothesis that greater or lesser false recognition of semantic associates in amnesic patients, relative to normal controls, can be demonstrated by creating conditions that are more or less conducive to allowing true recognition to suppress false recognition. With repeated presentation and testing of lists of semantic associates, control subjects and both Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff amnesics showed increasing levels of true recognition across trials. However, control subjects exhibited decreasing levels of false recognition across trials, whereas Korsakoff amnesic patients showed increases across trials and non-Korsakoff amnesics showed a fluctuating pattern. Consideration of signal detection analyses and differences between the two types of amnesic patients provides insight into how mechanisms of veridical episodic memory can be used to suppress false recognition.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…Note, however, that the Cermak et al (1973) paper included only alcoholic Korsakoff amnesic patients. More recent research has shown that Korsakoff patients are characterized by cognitive deªcits that are not observed in non-Korsakoff amnesics and that are likely related to frontal lobe damage (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When True Recognition Suppresses False Recognition: Evidence from Amnesic Patients

Schacter

Verfaellie

Anes

et al. 1998

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

124

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was decided to focus exclusively on patients suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome, instead of using a mixed amnesic group, as previous studies occasionally obtained different results for Korsakoff than for non-Korsakoff patients (Schacter et al, 1998;Verfaellie et al, 2002). Experiment 1 Phaf et al (2000) recently demonstrated that elaboration learning is impaired (but not completely eliminated) in Korsakoff patients, particularly when spontaneous initiation of the process is required (see also Butters & Cermak, 1980;Cermak, Butters, & Gerrein, 1973;Cermak, Hill, & Wong, 1998). Hence, because elaborative relational encoding might be necessary to form a representation of the theme of associative DRM lists (cf.…”

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confidence: 99%

Implicit false memory in the DRM paradigm: Effects of amnesia, encoding instructions, and encoding duration.

Damme

d’Ydewalle

2009

Neuropsychology

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Recent studies with the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (Deese 1959;Roediger & McDermott, 1995) paradigm have revealed that amnesic patients do not only show impaired veridical memory, but also diminished false memory for semantically related lure words. Due to the typically used explicit retrieval instructions, however, this finding may reflect problems at encoding, at recollection, or both. Therefore, the present experiments examined implicit as well as explicit false memory in patients suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome and controls. In Experiment 1, encoding instructions either focused on remembering individual list words, or on discovering semantic relationships among the words. In Experiment 2, different presentation durations were used. Results emphasize the distinction between automatic and intentional retrieval: Korsakoff patients' veridical and false memory scores were diminished when explicit recollection was required, but not when memory was tested implicitly. Encoding manipulations only significantly affected veridical memory: Priming was reduced with thematic encoding, and explicit retrieval was facilitated when given more study time.

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“…This characterization of memory deficits as being due to impairments in conceptual processing is similar to arguments made previously by other memory theorists. For exampie, Cermak and his colleagues have reported in a series of studies that amnesic Korsakoffs tend to encode only shallow or perceptual features of to-be-remembered information rather than deeper semantic features (e.g., Cermak, 1989;Cermak & Butters, 1972;Cermak, Butters, & Gerrein, 1973;Cermak, Butters, & Moreines, 1974;Cermak, Naus, & Reale, 1976).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dissociations among memory measures in memory-impaired subjects: Evidence for a processing account of memory

1992

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Deficits in conceptual transfer on both implicit and explicit memory tests were obtained for memory-impaired temporal lobe epileptic (TLE) subjects in three studies. In Experiment 1, in which a generate-read paradigm was employed, memory-impaired TLEs failed to show normal generation effects on conceptually driven tests of semantic cued recall and general knowledge questions, although their data-driven memory as measured by word-fragment completion and graphemic cued recall tasks was normal. In Experiment 2, memory-impaired patients having left temporal lobe seizure foci were tested on these four tasks and compared with nonimpaired TLEs having right temporal foci. The left TLEs showed deficits on conceptually driven tasks and normal memory for data-driven tests. These findings were extended in Experiment 3, in which left TLE patients failed to show any benefit from blocked study, as compared with random study, on category production and semantic cued-recall tests, although right TLEs and normal controls showed blocking effects on both tasks. These findings may be accommodated by a processing framework of memory in which memory-impaired patients are characterized as having deficits in conceptual, but not in data-driven, processing capabilities.

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The extent of the verbal encoding ability of Korsakoff patients

Cited by 131 publications

References 11 publications

When True Recognition Suppresses False Recognition: Evidence from Amnesic Patients

When True Recognition Suppresses False Recognition: Evidence from Amnesic Patients

Implicit false memory in the DRM paradigm: Effects of amnesia, encoding instructions, and encoding duration.

Dissociations among memory measures in memory-impaired subjects: Evidence for a processing account of memory

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