The external dimensions of EU migration and asylum policies in times of crisis

Carrera, Sergio; Vara, Juan Santos; Strik, Tineke

doi:10.4337/9781788972482.00007

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Specifically in the field of migration, the EU has developed, over the past 20 years, an extensive network of bilateral and multilateral political, legal and financial instruments aimed at supporting the management of migration through cooperation with partner states. This growing strategy known in 2005 as the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM) is a key element of the external migration policies (Carrera et al, 2019) and aims to strike what the European Council (2005) sees as a balanced approach between addressing “irregular migration” and promoting the mobility of those individuals considered economically valuable. However, Parkes (2009) and Reslow (2015) suggest that most of the initiatives focus on restricting the circulation of individuals from non-EU countries into the EU.…”

Section: Externalisation Of Border Controls and Pushbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Push and back: The ripple effect of EU border externalisation from Croatia to Iran

Augustová

Farrand-Carrapico

Obradović-Wochnik

2023

Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space

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Pushbacks have become a key feature of EU migration controls since 2015. As this article argues, practices of pushbacks stretch from EU spaces, such as Croatia, to its external borders and neighbouring countries, reaching as far as Iran. Although pushback tactics and their consequences are widely discussed in public, activist, policy debates, and by refugees themselves; academic literature has a limited engagement with pushbacks and their effects. To address this gap, we set up the concepts of “push” and “back” to question the ripple effect of informal and violent border controls that occurs transversely in multiple geopolitical contexts and timelines of migratory journeys. The article draws on ethnographic fieldwork in two border locations: the Croatian border with Bosnia-Herzegovina and the Turkey-Iran border. We argue that the EU’s governance of its external border encourages identical practices of “push” to different locations. We show that “pushes” generate multi-layered violence enmeshed in the local security (and at times militarized) contexts when people are “back”; or forcibly returned to their starting locations. The analysis of “push” and “back” contributes to the literature on the EU externalisation of migration governance and border violence, which we examine through informal and violent border practices inside and outside of the EU.

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Section: Externalisation Of Border Controls and Pushbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Push and back: The ripple effect of EU border externalisation from Croatia to Iran

Augustová

Farrand-Carrapico

Obradović-Wochnik

2023

Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space

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“…Border control, return, re-admission as well as practical cooperation on deterrence have remained in the competence of sovereign states or have been addressed via regional and bilateral cooperation. Corresponding unilateral, bilateral, or plurilateral policies are in tension with multilateral norms on the rights of refugees and migrants more generally (Carrera et al, 2019). Given opposing interests between countries of origin, transit, and destination of migrants (Ellermann, 2008) and considering the human rights focus of existing multilateral institutions, cooperation to fight irregular migration or promote return and re-admission is unlikely to take shape at the multilateral level (Lahav & Lavenex, 2012;Money & Lockhart, 2018).…”

Section: Fragmented Multilateralism: Migrant Admission Rights and Con...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding, Complementing, or Substituting Multilateralism? EU Preferential Trade Agreements in the Migration Regime Complex

Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik

Lavenex

Lutz

2023

PaG

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Intense pressure for international solutions and weak support for multilateral cooperation have led the EU to increasingly rely on its strongest foreign policy tool in the pursuit of migration policy goals: preferential trade agreements (PTAs). Starting from the fragmentary architecture of the migration regime complex we examine how the relevant content of the EU PTAs relates to multilateral institutions. Depending on the constellation of policy objectives, EU competence, and international interdependence, we propose a set of hypotheses regarding the conditions under which EU bilateral outreach via PTAs expands, complements, or substitutes international norms. Based on an original dataset of migration provisions in all EU PTAs signed between 1960 and 2020, we find that the migration policy content in EU PTAs expands or complements the objectives of multilateral institutions only to a very limited extent. Instead, the predominant constellation is one of substitution in which the EU uses its PTAs to promote migration policy objectives that depart from those of existing multilateral institutions.

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“…Agenda ini adalah dokumen politik yang menggarisbawahi prioritas-prioritas dalam hal migrasi, suaka, dan kebijakan-kebijakan perbatasan (Carrera, 2019). Agenda ini mengidentifikasi adanya enam aksi jangka pendek untuk mengatasi krisis imigran, yaitu mekanisme relokasi untuk para pencari suaka diantara negara-negara Uni Eropa, mekanisme relokasi 20,000 imigran dari luar Uni Eropa dan penambahan €50 juta anggaran 2015-2016 untuk mendukung skema penanganan imigran, peningkatan kapasitas dan anggaran untuk EU External Border Agency (Frontex) guna melakukan pengawasan bersama perbatasan dan operasi penyelamatan para pencari suaka di laut Mediterranean (yang disebut 'Triton' and 'Poseidon'), penambahan dana darurat bagi negara-negara anggota Uni Eropa yang ada di garis depan pintu masuknya imigran ke mereka sebesar €60 juta, penguatan Europol's joint maritime information untuk menunjang operasi di laut Mediterania, dan mendirikan operasi Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) di laut Mediterania untuk mencegah penyelundupan manusia (Carrera, 2019). Hingga saat ini, pembicaraan-pembicaraan dan berbagai kebijakan yang telah diambil oleh Uni Eropa dan negara-negara anggota belum dapat menyelesaikan secara tuntas berbagai dilema yang dihadapi dalam krisis imigran.…”

Section: Rezim Imigrasi Uni Eropa Dan Sikap Penentangan Negara-negara...unclassified

“…Hingga saat ini, pembicaraan-pembicaraan dan berbagai kebijakan yang telah diambil oleh Uni Eropa dan negara-negara anggota belum dapat menyelesaikan secara tuntas berbagai dilema yang dihadapi dalam krisis imigran. Permasalahan utama adalah pada aksi efektif dalam melakukan remodeling dari pembagian tanggungjawab perlindungan dan hak asasi manusia diantara pemerintah negara-negara anggota UE ketika mekanisme Dublin tidak lagi bisa berjalan di masa krisis (Carrera, 2019). Beberapa negara seperti Jerman, Perancis, Luxemberg, Belgia begitu antusias mengikuti kebijakan Uni Eropa, namun demikian negara-negara seperti Hungaria, Ceko, Slovakia, dan Polandia enggan untuk mengikuti langkah kebijakan Uni Eropa.…”

Section: Rezim Imigrasi Uni Eropa Dan Sikap Penentangan Negara-negara...unclassified

Eropanisasi Kebijakan Imigrasi Dan Politisasi Keamanan Imigran Di Negara-Negara Visegrad

Sugito

2021

INTERMESTIC

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The wave of migration that hit the European Union since 2015 had a political and security impact on both EU institutions and its member states. The policy of sharing responsibility or immigrant quotas did not get agreement from the Visegrad countries. Several previous studies that used a constructivist approach explained that the rejection occurred due to the securitization of immigrants in each country. This article seeks to understand the resistance of the Visegrad states from a critical perspective by using the concept of politicization of security. The research method used is qualitative with an analysis of existing data in online news media, European Union documents, and scientific journals. The article found that the politicization of security toward immigrants in each Visegrad country happened on public discourse and political campaigns by government elites and political parties. The purpose of this security politicization was to perpetuate power relations.

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The external dimensions of EU migration and asylum policies in times of crisis

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Push and back: The ripple effect of EU border externalisation from Croatia to Iran

Push and back: The ripple effect of EU border externalisation from Croatia to Iran

Expanding, Complementing, or Substituting Multilateralism? EU Preferential Trade Agreements in the Migration Regime Complex

Eropanisasi Kebijakan Imigrasi Dan Politisasi Keamanan Imigran Di Negara-Negara Visegrad

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