The fabrication of stable superhydrophobic surfaces using a thin Au/Pd coating over a hydrophilic 3C-SiC nanorod network

Superhydrophobic surfaces can be fabricated by using the self-assembled nanoarchitecture of 3C-SiC one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures as they are capable of forming a dense network of micro-nano air pockets without any help from external sources. Herein, the metal-catalyzed growth of 3C-SiC nanowires/nanorods on Si substrates via vapor-liquid-solid mechanism using five different catalysts, that is, chemically synthesized Au nanoparticles and direct current-sputtered thin films of Au, Cu, Ni, and Ti, is reported. Relatively new or unexplored catalysts such as thin films of Cu and Ti, as well as drop-cast Au nanoparticles, were used. An optimized and separate growth was carried out for each catalyst in an inductively heated horizontal cold-wall atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor. An insight into the catalytic growth mechanism of 3C-SiC 1D nanostructures has been presented. All of the bare samples exhibited superhydrophilic behavior, whereas hierarchical Au/Pd nanostructure-coated 3C-SiC nanorod samples grown using Au and Ni thin-film catalysts exhibited hydrophobic and superhydrophobic behavior, respectively. As the better results were obtained for Ni thin-film catalysts in terms of growth density and high water contact angle (WCA ≈ 160°), therefore, the growth temperature, as well as the growth time-dependent wetting behavior, was also studied. It was found that the WCA increased as the growth time and temperature increased because of the increase in the growth density, and it finally reached to an optimum value at the growth temperature of 1200 °C and the growth time of 1 h. Furthermore, their wetting behavior was studied by using a variety of high surface tension (water, milk, tea, and glycerin) and low surface tension (organic liquids such as n-hexane, ethanol, etc.) liquids. High surface tension liquids exhibited superhydrophobic behavior, whereas low surface tension liquids exhibited superhydrophilic behavior. Hence, these fabricated nanostructured surfaces can be exploited for oil-water separation, electrowetting, water harvesting, self-cleaning, lab on a chip, and micro-/nanofluidic device applications.

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“…The error of measured values was estimated to be within ±1°. Detailed information is given elsewhere. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetting Behavior of Metal-Catalyzed Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown One-Dimensional Cubic-SiC Nanostructures

Khan

Huang

et al. 2018

Langmuir

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“…However, when analyzing the effect of the SP incorporation (i.e., comparing NT- Overall, the fresh-state tests indicated that the incorporation of NWs (either thermally treated or not) decreased the flowability of the pastes. This trend was associated with some factors: (i) the particle size of the NWs (much smaller than the cement) reduced the interparticle distance and increased the friction and the probability of collision between the particles, increasing the energy required to flow; (ii) the very high SSA of the NWs (10.64 m 2 /g for NT-NW and 11.51 m 2 /g for 500-NW compared with 0.33 m 2 /g for the cement) increased the surface interactions between the particles and consequently the trend for agglomeration; (iii) part of the mixing water was adsorbed on the surface of the hydrophilic NWs [12], reducing the amount of free water to lubricate the cement grains and increasing the relative particle concentration [30]; (iv) the rod-like shape of the NWs may hinder the relative movement between the grains. Similar results were reported by some authors when studying cementitious mixtures with NWs, CNTs, and carbon nanofibers [23,[31][32][33].…”

Section: Cement Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with the most popular nanoreinforcement material (i.e., CNTs), SiC NWs presents some advantages. The hydrophilic nature of SiC NWs [ 12 ] makes them more easily dispersed in water and consequently in the cementitious matrix, in contrast to the hydrophobic CNTs. In addition, these NWs can hinder the growth and activity of bacteria [ 13 ], which is attractive for self-cleaning applications [ 14 ] such as self-cleaning concrete [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Thermally Treated SiC Nanowhiskers and Superplasticizer for Cementitious Composite Production

et al. 2021

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Nanomaterials are potential candidates to improve the mechanical properties and durability of cementitious composites. SiC nanowhiskers (NWs) present exceptional mechanical properties and have already been successfully incorporated into different matrices. In this study, cementitious composites were produced with a superplasticizer (SP) and 0–1.0 wt % SiC NWs. Two different NWs were used: untreated (NT-NW) and thermally treated at 500 °C (500-NW). The rheological properties, cement hydration, mechanical properties, and microstructure were evaluated. The results showed that NWs incorporation statistically increased the yield stress of cement paste (by up to 10%) while it led to marginal effects in viscosity. NWs enhanced the early cement hydration, increasing the main heat flow peak. NWs incorporation increased the compressive strength, tensile strength, and thermal conductivity of composites by up to 56%, 66%, and 80%, respectively, while it did not statistically affect the water absorption. Scanning electron microscopy showed a good bond between NWs and cement matrix in addition to the bridging of cracks. Overall, the thermal treatment increased the specific surface area of NWs enhancing their effects on cement properties, while SP improved the NWs dispersion, increasing their beneficial effects on the hardened properties.

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“…Nanoparticles (NPs) are often used to control the surface roughness because they can be synthesized easily with relatively uniform sizes in a reproducible manner. Among the various NPs, NPs of noble metals have many advantages over other materials and coatings, such as high‐temperature stability, high intrinsic durability, as well as mechanical and chemical stability …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various NPs, NPs of noble metals have many advantages over other materials and coatings, such as hightemperature stability, high intrinsic durability, as well as mechanical and chemical stability. 24 Because of the versatile applications of superhydrophobic surfaces, novel methods and materials that can realize such surfaces need to be developed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no reports on the fabrication of fluorinated superhydrophobic Pd/SiO 2 layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superhydrophobic and oleophilic micro‐nano hierarchical Pd‐decorated SiO₂ layers

et al. 2018

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This paper reports a novel fluorinated micro‐nano hierarchical Pd‐decorated SiO2 structure (hereafter called Pd/SiO2), which was formed by the deposition of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on SiO2 microspheres. The SiO2 layers with microscale roughness were fabricated by electrospraying a solution prepared using the sol‐gel process. Subsequently, the Pd NPs were deposited using an ultraviolet reduction process. The resulting surfaces exhibited a micro‐nano hierarchical morphology. After fluorination, the micro‐nano hierarchical surface exhibited outstanding water repellency with a water contact angle (WCA) of 170° and a sliding angle <5°, indicating excellent superhydrophobic properties. The layers exhibited good long‐term durability and excellent ultraviolet resistance. Interestingly, the surface was oleophilic (CA of oil ~10°). These results show the potential of employing superhydrophobic fluorinated Pd/SiO2 layers in smart devices, such as self‐cleanable surfaces and intelligent water/oil separation systems.

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The fabrication of stable superhydrophobic surfaces using a thin Au/Pd coating over a hydrophilic 3C-SiC nanorod network

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Wetting Behavior of Metal-Catalyzed Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown One-Dimensional Cubic-SiC Nanostructures

Wetting Behavior of Metal-Catalyzed Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown One-Dimensional Cubic-SiC Nanostructures

Utilization of Thermally Treated SiC Nanowhiskers and Superplasticizer for Cementitious Composite Production

Superhydrophobic and oleophilic micro‐nano hierarchical Pd‐decorated SiO₂ layers

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The fabrication of stable superhydrophobic surfaces using a thin Au/Pd coating over a hydrophilic 3C-SiC nanorod network

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Wetting Behavior of Metal-Catalyzed Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown One-Dimensional Cubic-SiC Nanostructures

Wetting Behavior of Metal-Catalyzed Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown One-Dimensional Cubic-SiC Nanostructures

Utilization of Thermally Treated SiC Nanowhiskers and Superplasticizer for Cementitious Composite Production

Superhydrophobic and oleophilic micro‐nano hierarchical Pd‐decorated SiO2 layers

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Superhydrophobic and oleophilic micro‐nano hierarchical Pd‐decorated SiO₂ layers