The Fabrication of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds by Inkjet Printing Technology

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been playing an important role in diverse areas in medicine. In order to promote the development of tissue engineering, this study attempts to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds using the inkjet printing technology. Sodium alginate, exhibiting similar properties to the native human extracellular matrix (ECM), was used as bioink. The jetted fluid of sodium alginate would be gelatinized when printed into the calcium chloride solution. The characteristics of the 3D-printed sodium alginate scaffold were systematically measured and analyzed. The results show that, the pore size, porosity and degradation property of these scaffolds could be well controlled. This study indicates the capability of 3D bioprinting technology for preparing tissue engineering scaffolds.

Additively manufactured porous scaffolds by design for treatment of bone defects

“…However, smaller pore size (<100 μm) may induce the creation of non-mineralised osteoid or fibrous tissue (Liu et al, 2018;Iviglia et al, 2019). Previous studies reported that significant bone formation was observed in scaffolds with 800-μm pore sizes.…”

“…Generally, inkjet bioprinting offers the advantages of high output, cost-effectiveness, easy implementation, and compatibility with low viscosity biomaterials (Yenilmez et al, 2019;Dell et al, 2022). Consequently, inkjet bioprinting is extensively used in preclinical research and clinical applications (Lv et al, 2018;.…”

“…Titanium alloys have been commonly employed as the most appropriate materials for biomedical devices. Such metal alloys have elastic modulus greater than bone tissues that this mismatch in mechanical properties may lead to stress shielding (Claes et al, 2003;Truscello et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2018;Kondiah et al, 2020;Samandari et al, 2022). In this case, stress is removed from bone and majority of exerted forces are bypassed through adjacent implanted scaffolds.…”

3D Printed Bioscaffolds for Developing Tissue-Engineered Constructs

“…There are four different techniques under 3D bioprinting including inkjet printing, extrusion-based methods, light-induced (photopolymerization) methods and particle fusion-based methods [7,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The first three abovementioned techniques have been widely used to fabricate biomaterial designs [7].…”

“…Three main stages could affect the printable ink such as the production of the droplet, droplet/substrate closeinteraction, and polymerization of the droplet. The two mechanisms, which have been involved under droplet generation through inkjet-based 3D bioprinting, are drop-on-demand and continuous inkjet [25]. The size of ink droplets produced via drop-on-demand and continuous injection is in the range of 25-50 and 100 μm, respectively [19].…”