The faecal flora of children in the United Kingdom

Rb, Ellis-Pegler; Crabtree, Charles Glenn; Lambert, H P

doi:10.1017/s002217240004715x

Cited by 69 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Bacteroides of the fragilis group are isolated from 60400% of specimens of adult faeces (Drasar, Shiner and McLeod et al, 1969;Brown, 1977) and the present results confirm those of Long and Swenson (1977) that they are established with a similar frequency by the sixth day of life. The high incidence of clostridia in the present study was similar to that found by Ellis-Pegler et al (1975) and approached the rate of isolation from adults. Other workers have isolated clostridia in much smaller numbers from similar babies (Mata and Urrutia, 1971;Albert et al, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…faecalis and E. coli were the commonest facultative species isolated from the neonatal faeces and were isolated in large numbers. The proportion of E. coli is increased in babies fed with cow's milk preparations (Gyllenberg and Roine, 1957;Ellis-Pegler et al, 1975;Bullen et al, 1977) and all the babies in the present study received supplementary feeds of a commercial cow's-milk preparation. Other enterobacteria were isolated in very small numbers and Staph.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

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The development of the bacterial flora in normal neonates

Rotimi

Duerden

1981

Journal of Medical Microbiology

307

175

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SUMMARY.The development of the bacterial flora of neonates during the first week of life was studied in 23 babies. Specimens of meconium or faeces were collected and swabs taken from the umbilicus and mouth on days 1, 2, 3 and 6. The bacteria present were isolated on a variety of plain and selective media. The predominant faecal organisms by the end of the first week were anaerobes. Bifidobacteria were isolated from all the neonates and bacteroides and clostridia were isolated from 78.3%. Bifidobacteria and bacteroides were present in large numbers; other species were isolated in smaller numbers. Enterococci were isolated from all neonates, enterobacteria from 82.6%, anaerobic cocci from 52.2%, and streptococci and staphylococci from 34.8% each.Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species isolated from the umbilicus; it was isolated from 21.7% of neonates on the first day rising to 87.0% by the sixth day and represented 49% of isolates from this site. S. albus, streptococci, enterococci and Escherichia coli were each isolated from a few neonates.Viridans streptococci (3 1 -4% of isolates) and Streptococcus salivarius (251%) were the commonest species recovered from the mouth. They were present from 8 h after birth; S. albus and Neisseria spp. were isolated later on the first day, and anaerobic species of Veillonella and Bijidobacterium appeared on the second day. INTRODUCTIONThe normal fetus is sterile until shortly before birth, as long as the amniotic membrane remains intact. After birth, the neonate rapidly acquires commensal bacteria that colonise the skin and mucous membranes. The host defence mechanisms are not well developed at this stage and some commensals may become opportunist pathogens, particularly in compromised neonates who must remain in hospital for the treatment of congenital abnormalities.The gastrointestinal 'tract is colonised soon after birth, mainly by facultative bacteria. Mata, Mejicanos and Jimenez (1 972), Bullen, Tearle and Willis (1 976) and Long and Swenson (1977) have shown that anaerobes colonise the neonatal gastrointestinal tract during the first week of life and are greater in number and variety than aerobes or facultative species. Subsequently, only ~ ~~

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

The development of the bacterial flora in normal neonates

Rotimi

Duerden

1981

Journal of Medical Microbiology

307

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is in broad agreement with studies from Guatemala (Mata, Carrillo and Villatoro, 1969;Mata and Urrutia, 1971) and England (Ellis-Pegler, Crabtree and Lambert, 1975) that are summarised in table IV. The reasons for the differences between the counts of the different groups of organisms are probably complex and include differences in age, diet, environmental hygiene and methodology.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Faecal flora of south indian infants and young children in health and with acute gastroenteritis

Albert¹,

Rajan

et al. 1978

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The prevalence of Candida spp. gut colonization in newborns on the day of birth is roughly 23%, increasing to 50% by 4 mo (Ellis-Pegler et al 1975, Saiman et al 2001). Yeast carriage rates in infants are approximately 10 3 -10 5 CFU/g feces (Ellis-Pegler et al 1975, Benno et al 1984.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Colonization By Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

The human gut mycobiome: pitfalls and potentials--a mycologists perspective

2015

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Abstract:We have entered the Age of the Microbiome, with new studies appearing constantly and whole journals devoted to the human microbiome. While bacteria outnumber other gut microbes by orders of magnitude, eukaryotes are consistently found in the human gut and are represented primarily by the fungi. Compiling 36 studies 1917-2015 we found at least 267 distinct fungal taxa have been reported from the human gut, and seemingly every new study includes one or more fungi not previously described from this niche. This diversity, while impressive, is illusory. If we examine gut fungi, we will quickly observe a division between a small number of commonly detected species (Candida yeasts, Saccharomyces and yeasts in the Dipodascaceae, and Malassezia species) and a long tail of taxa that have been reported only once. Furthermore, an investigation into the ecology of these rare species reveals that many of them are incapable of colonization or long-term persistence in the gut. This paper examines what we know and have yet to learn about the fungal component of the gut microbiome, or "mycobiome", and an overview of methods. We address the potential of the field while introducing some caveats and argue for the necessity of including mycologists in mycobiome studies.

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The faecal flora of children in the United Kingdom

Cited by 69 publications

References 11 publications

The development of the bacterial flora in normal neonates

The development of the bacterial flora in normal neonates

Faecal flora of south indian infants and young children in health and with acute gastroenteritis

The human gut mycobiome: pitfalls and potentials--a mycologists perspective

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