our statute books gradually became laden with gross, stereotyped distinctions between the sexes and, indeed, throughout much of the 19th century the position of women in our society was, in many respects, comparable to that of blacks under the pre-Civil War slave codes. Neither slaves nor women could hold office, serve on juries, or bring Minorities -New Studies and Perspectives 4 suit in their own names, and married women traditionally were denied the legal capacity to hold or convey property or to serve as legal guardians of their own children.... And although blacks were guaranteed the right to vote in 1870, women were denied even that right-which is itself "preservative of other basic civil and political rights"-until adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment half a century later.Like African-Americans and women, other minority groups in the United States faced similar discrimination from the majority. Still, the issue of lack equal opportunity for minority groups transcends one country's borders or one issue area. Globally, refugees, indigenous cultures, gender discrimination, LGBTIA+, and racial and ethnic minorities are just some of the groups that face implicit and explicit discrimination in the public and private spheres.Second, research details institutional and structural barriers that prevent equal opportunity in practice. For example, in the United States, the Baldus study found that African-Americans were more than four times more likely to receive the death penalty than Caucasians for interracial murders when controlling for other key factors [3]. Globally, minorities do not receive equal health care or outcomes than their majority counterparts [4]. Linguistic minority students in primary, secondary, and post-secondary schools face formidable discrimination-both explicitly and implicitly [5]. And, religious and ethnic minorities experienced genocide based on minority status and as a scapegoat to the country's larger problems (e.g., WWII between 1941 and1945 and Rwanda in the 1990s).The literature on minorities also examines possible explanations for discrimination (i.e., racial threat theory) and perspectives of minorities by minorities (i.e., critical race theory). Racial threat theory, for example, reveals that the majority uses disproportionate power to oppress minority groups based on the perceived danger (e.g., Jim Crow Laws in the United States) ([6], pp. 1-2). These types of oppressive laws discriminate against minorities in social, cultural, and political ways. It is also found that the more of a minority in a political, social, and cultural system, the more likely the laws are to be more oppressive ([6], p. 2). Still, other scholars share how it is perceived to be a minority by minorities. For instance, Critical Race Theory (CRT) was born out of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States to show that institutional and structural factors in society are part of the culprits of discrimination. Equality under the law is not possible, because equal opportunity is defined based on the majority's ...