The family Parvoviridae

Abstract

A set of proposals to rationalize and extend the taxonomy of the family Parvoviridae is currently under review by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Viruses in this family infect a wide range of hosts, as reflected by the longstanding division into two subfamilies: the Parvovirinae, which contains viruses that infect vertebrate hosts, and the Densovirinae, encompassing viruses that infect arthropod hosts. Using a modified definition for classification into the family that no longer demands isolation as long as the biological context is strong, but does require a near-complete DNA sequence, 134 new viruses and virus variants were identified. The proposals introduce new species and genera into both subfamilies, resolve one misclassified species, and improve taxonomic clarity by employing a series of systematic changes. These include identifying a precise level of sequence similarity required for viruses to belong to the same genus and decreasing the level of sequence similarity required for viruses to belong to the same species. These steps will facilitate recognition of the major phylogenetic branches within genera and eliminate the confusion caused by the near-identity of species and viruses. Changes to taxon nomenclature will establish numbered, non-Latinized binomial names for species, indicating genus affiliation and host range rather than recapitulating virus names. Also, affixes will be included in the names of genera to clarify subfamily affiliation and reduce the ambiguity that results from the vernacular use of “parvovirus” and “densovirus” to denote multiple taxon levels.

Identification of a novel bufavirus in domestic pigs by a viral metagenomic approach

“…A real-time PCR method was developed to screen 60 faecal samples for the porcine bufavirus DNA, and eight positive samples were found in two neighbouring farms, suggesting a relatively low prevalence (13.3 %). No direct transmission of porcine bufaviruses between two neighbouring farms was found, suggesting that bufaviruses may have spread widely in different geographical regions.Bufavirus belongs to the genus Protoparvovirus in the subfamily Parvovirinae (Cotmore et al, 2014). The virus has a single-stranded DNA genome, encoding non-structural protein 1 (NS1), a putative structural protein 1 (VP1), a small hypothetical protein of 130 aa residues and a structural protein 2 (VP2), as demonstrated in a reference genome (GenBank accession number: NC_024888).…”

“…Bufavirus belongs to the genus Protoparvovirus in the subfamily Parvovirinae (Cotmore et al, 2014). The virus has a single-stranded DNA genome, encoding non-structural protein 1 (NS1), a putative structural protein 1 (VP1), a small hypothetical protein of 130 aa residues and a structural protein 2 (VP2), as demonstrated in a reference genome (GenBank accession number: NC_024888).…”

Identification and genomic characterization of a novel porcine parvovirus (PPV6) in china

“…However, the genome of PPV6 was slightly distinguished from PPV5 by the larger VP gene and the larger genome size. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that PPV6, together with PPV4 and PPV5, form a distinct branch that is genetically different from viruses of previously defined genera in the subfamily Parvovirinae, and might be classified into the novel genus Copiparvovirus [4,12]. The identification of a novel PPV; i.e., PPV6, within the subfamily Parvovirinae provides, further insight into the viral and genetic diversity of parvoviruses.…”

“…In recent years, with the use of molecular assays and pathogen discovery tools, a number of novel parvoviruses belonging to the subfamily Parvovirinae have been identified in various animal species and humans, including human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), porcine hokovirus (PPV3), ovine partetravirus, PPV4, and PPV5 [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Among them, PPV3 and ovine partetravirus have been shown to have a close relationship to PARV4, and currently have been proposed to be classified into the genus Tetraparvovirus by the ICTV [3,4]. In addition, PPV4 and PPV5 were both identified in clinical samples from swine herds, forming a distinct branch with bovine parvovirus 2 (BPV2) based on phylogenetic analysis, which led to consideration of these viruses being classified in a novel genus; i.e., Copiparvovirus [11,12].…”

Phylogenetic characterization of Canine Parvovirus VP2 partial sequences from symptomatic dogs samples

“…CPV is a highly contagious virus and it causes often fatal diseases (Nandi and Kumar 2010). CPV, a member of the Parvoviridae family Protoparvovirus genus, contains a single strand DNA genome of about 5200 nucleotides that is packaged in an icosahedral capsid (Siegl et al 1985, Cotmore et al 2014). The genome is simple and contains two large open reading frames (ORF) as well some smaller or overlapping genes, mostly generated by alternative splicing.…”