The FAS Screen: a rapid screening tool for fetal alcohol syndrome

Burd, Larry; Cox, Chaun; Poitra, Betty A.; Wentz, Tom; Ebertowski, Mary; Martsolf, John T.; Kerbeshian, Jacob; Klug, Marilyn G.

doi:10.1080/13556219971542

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Similar plans of action have been proposed in the United States (Barry et al, 2009) Note. Please see Tables 1 and 3 (Burd et al, 1999;May et al, 2014May et al, , 2015Moberg et al, 2014;Poitra et al, 2003;Sokol et al, 1986;Weiss et al, 2004) 2 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders among the general and Aboriginal populations in Canada and the United States

Popova

Lange

Probst

et al. 2017

European Journal of Medical Genetics

111

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Prenatal alcohol exposure may cause a number of health complications for the mother and developing fetus, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of i) alcohol use (any amount) and binge drinking (4 or more standard drinks on a single occasion) during pregnancy, and ii) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and FASD among the general and Aboriginal populations in Canada and the United States, based on the available literature. Comprehensive systematic literature searches and meta-analyses, assuming a random-effects model, were conducted. It was revealed that about 10% and 15% of pregnant women in the general population consume alcohol in Canada and the United States, respectively, and that about 3% of women engage in binge drinking during pregnancy in both countries. However, the prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy in the Aboriginal populations of the United States and Canada were found to be approximately 3-4 times higher, respectively, compared to the general population. Even more alarmingly, it was estimated that approximately one in five women in the Aboriginal populations in both countries engage in binge drinking during pregnancy. Further, among the general population of Canada, the pooled prevalence was estimated to be about 1 per 1000 for FAS and 5 per 1000 for FASD. However, compared to the general population, the prevalence of FAS and FASD among the Aboriginal population in Canada was estimated to be 38 times and 16 times higher, respectively. With respect to the United States, the pooled prevalence of FAS and FASD was estimated to be about 2 per 1000 and 15 per 1,000, respectively, among the general population, and 4 per 1000 and 10 per 1,000, respectively, among the Aboriginal population. The FAS and FASD pooled prevalence estimates presented here should be used with caution due to the limited number of existing studies and their methodological limitations. Based on the results of the current study, it is evident that there is an urgent need for implementing more effective national prevention and surveillance strategies to monitor and lower the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and FASD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders among the general and Aboriginal populations in Canada and the United States

Popova

Lange

Probst

et al. 2017

European Journal of Medical Genetics

111

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“…In that study, only one of the seven FAS cases found in the schools had been diagnosed previously. Burd et al (1999) and Poitra et al (2003) have reported on active case ascertainment methods used in multiple years in Head Start classrooms using a screening tool and follow up dysmorphology exam. Burd et al (1999) reported six cases of FAS out of 1,013 children, 5.9 per 1,000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burd et al (1999) and Poitra et al (2003) have reported on active case ascertainment methods used in multiple years in Head Start classrooms using a screening tool and follow up dysmorphology exam. Burd et al (1999) reported six cases of FAS out of 1,013 children, 5.9 per 1,000. Poitra et al (2003) included more children from the same community and 4.3 children per 1,000 had FAS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome and partial fetal alcohol syndrome in a Rocky Mountain Region City

May

Keaster

Bozeman

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background The prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial FAS (PFAS) in the United States (US) are not well known. Methods This active case ascertainment study in a Rocky Mountain Region City assessed the prevalence and traits of children with FAS and PFAS and linked them to maternal risk factors. Diagnoses made by expert clinical dysmorphologists in multidisciplinary case conferences utilized all components of the study: dysmorphology and physical growth; neurobehavior; and maternal risk interviews. Results Direct parental (active) consent was obtained for 1,278 children. Averages for key physical diagnostic traits and several other minor anomalies were significantly different among FAS, PFAS, and randomly-selected, normal controls. Cognitive tests and behavioral checklists discriminated the diagnostic groups from controls on 12 of 14 instruments. Mothers of children with FAS and PFAS were significantly lower in educational attainment, shorter, later in pregnancy recognition, and suffered more depression, and used marijuana and methamphetamine during their pregnancy. Most pre-pregnancy and pregnancy drinking measures were worse for mothers of FAS and PFAS. Excluding a significant difference in simply admitting drinking during the index pregnancy (FAS and PFAS = 75% vs. 39.4% for controls), most quantitative intergroup differences merely approached significance. This community’s prevalence of FAS is 2.9 to 7.5 per 1,000, PFAS is 7.9 to 17.7 per 1,000, and combined prevalence is 10.9 to 25.2 per 1,000 or 1.1% to 2.5%. Conclusions Comprehensive, active case ascertainment methods produced rates of FAS and PFAS higher than predicted by long-standing, popular estimates.

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“…The greatest promise for reducing the health and social burdens of FASD is the institution of early screening programs that will assure the prevention of secondary disabilities (7,49,(60)(61). The WFASSP was originally conceived as a screening program fully instituted within the first months of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This inventory consisted of features that could be reliably measured by individuals with limited training in a short time (15 minutes or less per case) (thus excluding difficult to measure features such as PFL) (61). Children scoring >20 were referred to a local dysmophologist, and, in some cases, additional information was collected from school and medical records and maternal interview.…”

Section: Screening For Fasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis, surveillance and screening for fetal alcohol syndrome spectrum disorders: Methods and dilemmas

Cronk¹,

Weiss²

2007

International Journal on Disability and Human Development

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a prevalent preventable disorder with a significant societal burden related to the cognitive and behavioral disabilities associated with this disorder. This paper reviews the published work on FASD diagnosis, surveillance, and screening programs. Challenges inherent to FASD diagnosis remain and complicate attempts to estimate FAS prevalence. In addition, the drive toward diagnostic accuracy has led to the formulation of screening children at school ages after many disabilities associated with FASD are established. We present the design and selected findings from a regional multi-stage screening project piloted in Wisconsin. Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns with birth head circumference less than 10 th percentile were selected in the first screening stages. Those meeting these criteria were evaluated for growth, development and FAS facial features at about 2 years of age. Of newborns meeting the initial screening criteria, 30% demonstrated growth deficits and developmental delays at about 2 years of age. Children with any FAS facial feature (of 177 children assessed, n=13 with 2 or 3 facial findings, n=77 with one facial finding) showed greater deficits in growth and a greater proportion were developmentally delayed. The findings demonstrate the potential value of embedding screening for FAS within a multistage screening method to identify infants at risk for any developmental delay. Because this model would be a part of larger population screening for developmental delay, cost efficiencies could be achieved. Problems relating to protection and confidentiality that inevitably accompany screening to identify FASD would also be reduced.

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The FAS Screen: a rapid screening tool for fetal alcohol syndrome

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders among the general and Aboriginal populations in Canada and the United States

Prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders among the general and Aboriginal populations in Canada and the United States

Prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome and partial fetal alcohol syndrome in a Rocky Mountain Region City

Diagnosis, surveillance and screening for fetal alcohol syndrome spectrum disorders: Methods and dilemmas

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