The fate and behavior of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals: examining lead (Pb) as a PBT metal

Check, Larissa; Marteel‐Parrish, Anne E.

doi:10.1515/reveh-2013-0005

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recently, the tendency has been towards them being more environmentally compatible. Concerning FR utilization, persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT), chemicals are a source of concern because they are degradation-resistant and can remain this way in the environment [ 136 ] and have been proven to be hazardous to humans and wildlife in recent years [ 137 ]. They have been known to be very effective and inexpensive for FR additives into the polymer.…”

Section: Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Fire-Resistant Biocomposites—A Review

et al. 2022

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Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers represent an eco-friendly and inexpensive alternative to conventional petroleum-based materials and have been increasingly utilized in a wide variety of industrial applications due to their numerous advantages, such as their good mechanical properties, low production costs, renewability, and biodegradability. However, these engineered composite materials have inherent downsides, such as their increased flammability when subjected to heat flux or flame initiators, which can limit their range of applications. As a result, certain attempts are still being made to reduce the flammability of biocomposites. The combustion of biobased composites can potentially create life-threatening conditions in buildings, resulting in substantial human and material losses. Additives known as flame-retardants (FRs) have been commonly used to improve the fire protection of wood and biocomposite materials, textiles, and other fields for the purpose of widening their application areas. At present, this practice is very common in the construction sector due to stringent fire safety regulations on residential and public buildings. The aim of this study was to present and discuss recent advances in the development of fire-resistant biocomposites. The flammability of wood and natural fibers as material resources to produce biocomposites was researched to build a holistic picture. Furthermore, the potential of lignin as an eco-friendly and low-cost FR additive to produce high-performance biocomposites with improved technological and fire properties was also discussed in detail. The development of sustainable FR systems, based on renewable raw materials, represents a viable and promising approach to manufacturing biocomposites with improved fire resistance, lower environmental footprint, and enhanced health and safety performance.

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Section: Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Fire-Resistant Biocomposites—A Review

et al. 2022

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“…It mimics essential minerals such as calcium and zinc, inducing chronic cardiovascular, renal, immunological and neurological diseases as well as cancer in humans and animals [1][2][3]. Pregnant women, children and city habitants are particularly at risk of Pb intoxication [4,5].…”

Section: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis Triggered By Sub-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis Triggered by Sub-Chronic Lead Exposure in Mice Spleen: a Histopathological Study

Corsetti

Romano

Stacchiotti

et al. 2016

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Lead (Pb) is an environmental oncogenic metal that induces immunotoxicity and anaemia. Emerging evidence has linked Pb toxicity with endoplasmic reticulum-driven apoptosis and autophagy. Glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (Grp78 or binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP)), a master endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, drives macrophage activation and regulates protein folding and calcium flux in response to heavy metals.

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“…Lead is one of the most widely and evenly distributed trace metals that exist in various forms in natural sources. Lead, which was deposited in the past, can still be a problem today because it neither biodegrades nor breaks down at an appreciable rate under normal environmental conditions [38]. Pb bio-accessibility is influenced by Pb contamination sources, soil properties, and particle size fractions [39].…”

Section: Status Of Lead In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Bioavailability in the Environment: Its Exposure and and Effects

Mousavi

Brodie

Payghamzadeh

et al. 2022

J Adv Environ Health Res

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There are many anthropogenic activities that have caused the accumulation of potentially toxic metals (e.g., lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, arsenic, cobalt, and mercury) in the environment. Lead (Pb) is known as a very toxic and non-biodegradable element that has no metabolic function in living creatures. It can be easily taken up and transferred within plant tissues; consequently, it can easily enter the food chain, causing phytotoxicity, which in turn through different biochemical and enzymatic reactions, can result in severe threats to public health. After entering soil and sediments, Pb may be diffused among soil components and associated with them through different geochemical fractions, which determine the final fate of Pb in terms of bioavailability and uptake by plants. Metal bioavailability in soils is largely dependent on the soil and plant properties and interactions with other elements. In spite of the fact that there are numerous studies on the influence of heavy metals on public health but there are limited studies that consider the role of the soil-plant chain on the final fate of potentially toxic metals in respect to threat the public health. This manuscript defines a joint challenge between agricultural and medical sciences and shows that the soil (as the base of agriculture) affects human health in a variety of ways, with human health being linked to the health of the soil.

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The fate and behavior of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals: examining lead (Pb) as a PBT metal

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Recent Advances in the Development of Fire-Resistant Biocomposites—A Review

Recent Advances in the Development of Fire-Resistant Biocomposites—A Review

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis Triggered by Sub-Chronic Lead Exposure in Mice Spleen: a Histopathological Study

Lead Bioavailability in the Environment: Its Exposure and and Effects

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