The fate of chlorine during MSW incineration: Vaporization, transformation, deposition, corrosion and remedies

Ma, Wenchao; Wenga, Terrence; Frandsen, Flemming; Yan, Beibei; Chen, Guanyi

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2019.100789

Cited by 179 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…Combustion of the studied poplar biomass should not cause any significant corrosion of boiler elements since this biomass contains low amounts of chlorine and the S/Cl ratio based on the current study averaged 2.2. It is accepted that high-temperature corrosion occurs intensively when the fuel chloride contents are over 0.2%, and the S/Cl ratio is below 2.2 [54,55]. Table 5.…”

Section: Thermophysical Properties and Elemental Composition Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Value of Yield and Biomass Quality of Poplar Grown in Two Consecutive 4-Year Harvest Rotations in the North-East of Poland

2020

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Bioenergy accounts for 61.7% of all renewable energy sources, with solid fuels accounting for 43% of this amount. Poplar plantations can deliver woody biomass for energy purposes. A field experiment with poplar was located in the north-east of Poland on good quality soil formed from medium loam. The study aimed to determine the yield, the energy value of the yield and the thermophysical properties and elemental composition of the biomass of four poplar clones harvested in two consecutive 4-year harvest rotations. The highest biomass energy value was determined in the UWM 2 clone in the second harvest rotation (231 GJ ha−1·year−1). This value was 27–47% lower for the other clones. The biomass quality showed that poplar wood contained high levels of moisture and low levels of ash, sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine. This indicates that poplar can be grown in the north-east of Poland and that it gives a yield with a high energy value and beneficial biomass properties from the energy generation perspective.

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Section: Thermophysical Properties and Elemental Composition Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Value of Yield and Biomass Quality of Poplar Grown in Two Consecutive 4-Year Harvest Rotations in the North-East of Poland

2020

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“…NaCl and KCl are prone to get deposited on the surface of the boiler, while HCl in gas phase might induce severe slagging and corrosion problems [40] , [41] . Under oxidizing conditions, HCl is oxidized at the deposit/gas interface, releasing Cl 2 [42] . Alkali metal chlorides lower the melting temperature of deposits [43] and react with the protective oxide layer (Cr, Fe) 2 O 3 to form alkali chromate and ferrate and simultaneously release Cl 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repercussions of clinical waste co-incineration in municipal solid waste incinerator during COVID-19 pandemic

Lan

Hua

et al. 2022

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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During coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the exponential increase in clinical waste (CW) generation has caused immense burden to CW treatment facilities. Co-incineration of CW in municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) is an emergency treatment method. A material flow model was developed to estimate the change in feedstock characteristics and resulting acid gas emission under different CW co-incineration ratios. The ash contents and lower heating values of the feedstocks, as well as HCl concentrations in flue gas showed an upward trend. Subsequently, 72 incineration residue samples were collected from a MSWI performing co-incineration (CW ratio <10 wt%) in Wuhan city, China, followed by 20 incineration residues samples from waste that were not co-incineration. The results showed that the contents of major elements and non-volatile heavy metals in the air pollution control residues increased during co-incineration but were within the reported ranges, whereas those in the bottom ashes revealed no significant changes. The impact of CW co-incineration at a ratio <10 wt% on the distribution of elements in the incineration residues was not significant. However, increase in alkali metals and HCl in flue gas may cause potential boiler corrosion. These results provide valuable insights into pollution control in MSWI during pandemic.

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“…The reason for the low production of HCl from the combustion of inorganic chlorides may be that NaCl has a high lattice energy (786 kJ/mol), while the binding energy of PVC is 326 kJ/mol. 14 The low chloride-ion release rate increases the formation potential of heavy metal chlorides, thereby reducing the formation of HCl. In addition, in the sludge added with NaCl, the impurities react to produce low-melting crystals that affects the combustion efficiency, thereby hindering the precipitation of HCl.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HCl can generate Cl 2 through the Deacon reaction during the waste combustion process, which provides chlorine sources for dioxin-like organic pollutants and forms secondary pollution. 14 Therefore, it is important to understand the distribution of chlorine in the sludge combustion process. At present, the use of calcium-based and aluminum-based adsorbents for combustion dechlorination has become an economical and practical method of pollution control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ca(OH)₂ on the Release Characteristics of HCl during Sludge Combustion

Tan²,

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

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With the addition of Ca(OH) 2 , the effects of combustion temperature, moisture, sludge particle size, and chlorine-containing additives on the removal of HCl during sludge combustion were studied. The experimental results showed that combustion temperature and moisture content promoted the formation of HCl and Ca(OH) 2 played a key role in the formation of HCl during sludge combustion. Under the best conditions of a sludge particle size of 380–250 μm, moisture content of 5%, temperature of 850 °C, and Ca(OH) 2 /sludge weight ratio of 3/10, the HCl capture efficiency was 79.81%. In addition, the effect of PVC on the production of HCl was greater than that of NaCl, probably because the lattice energy of NaCl was much higher, indicating that inorganic chlorine was not the main source of HCl. Ca(OH) 2 can effectively inhibit the formation of HCl, which had practical guiding significance for the formation of HCl during the sludge combustion, especially the sludge containing chlorine.

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The fate of chlorine during MSW incineration: Vaporization, transformation, deposition, corrosion and remedies

Cited by 179 publications

References 182 publications

Energy Value of Yield and Biomass Quality of Poplar Grown in Two Consecutive 4-Year Harvest Rotations in the North-East of Poland

Energy Value of Yield and Biomass Quality of Poplar Grown in Two Consecutive 4-Year Harvest Rotations in the North-East of Poland

Repercussions of clinical waste co-incineration in municipal solid waste incinerator during COVID-19 pandemic

Effect of Ca(OH)₂ on the Release Characteristics of HCl during Sludge Combustion

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The fate of chlorine during MSW incineration: Vaporization, transformation, deposition, corrosion and remedies

Cited by 179 publications

References 182 publications

Energy Value of Yield and Biomass Quality of Poplar Grown in Two Consecutive 4-Year Harvest Rotations in the North-East of Poland

Energy Value of Yield and Biomass Quality of Poplar Grown in Two Consecutive 4-Year Harvest Rotations in the North-East of Poland

Repercussions of clinical waste co-incineration in municipal solid waste incinerator during COVID-19 pandemic

Effect of Ca(OH)2 on the Release Characteristics of HCl during Sludge Combustion

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Effect of Ca(OH)₂ on the Release Characteristics of HCl during Sludge Combustion