The fate of N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O consumed in soils

Vieten, B.; Conen, Franz; Seth, Barbara; Alewell, Christine

doi:10.5194/bg-5-129-2008

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…8; Hungate 1966;Depkat-Jakob et al 2010;Carvalhais et al 2011;Fungo et al 2014). Once N 2 O reached the atmosphere, a reduction to N 2 could be possible but is unlikely (Vieten et al 2008;Chen et al 2013). The difficulties in predicting nitrification-denitrification events, in predicting N 2 O emission, also the soil mosaic formation of well and less aerated, well and less organically enriched patches, created by long-term environmental drivers as climate, plant exudation, soil animal activity, microbial and fertilizer N inputs, O 2 diffusion, or ammonium fixation by biomass and clay-humus complexes, soil texture changes, root-hyphae effects, the fact that in air-, water-filled soil pores aerobic, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation occur in close neighborhood, the steadily varying C H2O /NH 4 + / NO 3 − ratios contribute and make the modeling of N-cycling a challenge ( Fig.…”

Section: Cn Ratio-dependent N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). If N 2 O escaped from the cell membrane and entered earth's atmosphere only in traces, it will be further reduced to N 2 (Vieten et al 2008); and in holding N 2 O on the membrane, the element ruthenium (Ru) seemingly Poth and Focht 1985;Poth 1986;Tiedje 1988;Benckiser 1997;Strous et al 1997;Philips et al 2002;Strohm et al 2007) (Zumft 1997;Fungo et al 2014). Ru is like iron and copper, a d-block element in denitrification enzymes, and may at least partly explain why in soil biochar experiments the N 2 O emission reduction varied between 10 and 41 %.…”

Section: Denitrification Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Have nitrate ions reached the groundwater, the chance to be reduced decreases. There is also little chance that escaped N 2 O molecules from the cell membrane into the surrounding atmosphere are further reduced to N 2 (Lin et al 2008;Vieten et al 2008). Compost with a mean CN ratio of around 15 and a C H2O /NO 3 − ratio of around 1000 and spread on agricultural land shapes the nitrification-denitrification activities in soils and is thus a possibility to reduce N 2 O emissions (Barth et al 2008;Beylich et al 2010;PICCMAT 2011;Langevin et al 2014).…”

Section: Denitrification Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the availability of NO 3 − , NO 2 − , NO, and N 2 O is low but the availability of electron donors high, then an economic thinking sets in and N 2 O is preferred reduced to N 2 or even to NH 3 before it can escape from the cell membrane into the surrounding cell atmosphere (Tiedje 1988;Simarmata et al 1993;Benckiser 1997Benckiser , 2007aBenckiser , b, 2010Ottow 2011;Decock and Six 2013;Cabello et al 2004;Bardgett and Wardle 2010;Flemming and Wingender 2010;De Long 2012). If N 2 O reached the atmosphere, recapturing is limited (Vieten et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of NO3 − and N2O emissions in agroecosystems: A review

Benckiser

Schartel²,

Weiske³

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Energized electron flows through biological systems sustain nature's complexity. They drive bacterial, archaeal, and fungal oxidation-reduction processes and enable to introduce CO 2 and N 2 from the atmospheric pool. Electron flux-based food webs convert soil organic matter (SOM) in virgin forest and permafrost soils, over-fertilized agricultural land, grassland systems, compost/wastewater treatment plants, oceans, rain forests, savannahs, and forests of the temperate climate zones, and have their strategy adapted on the system in which they are active. Thus, the electron driving power is responsible in our industrializing world that carbon and nitrogen returns to the atmosphere presently with an annual N 2 O-N proportion of 0.5 to 4.2 terragrams (Tg) or an annual atmospheric N 2 O-N increase of 0.25 %. N 2 O is a 300-times more potent greenhouse gas than CO 2 . Nature's water-soluble soil carbon (C H2O )/NO 3 − ratio balancing is seen as a model of how N 2 O emissions could be kept in a tolerable range. Sub strategies beyond are (a) an annual 400-800 terragrams (Tg) photosynthate-C (90-95 % sugars) release into plant rhizospheres, (b) spot-wise N enriching animal excrement and wide C/N ratio litter fall distributions, (c) viral shunts or life shortcuts to supporting O 2 consuming, N supplying, and denitrifying recycler communities, (d) subterranean organic-inorganic soil components mixing and O 2 diffusion promoting NO 3 − formation, and (e) the release of nitrification inhibiting compounds as neem, karanjin, or specific humic acids which help in controlling nitrate formation and denitrification. Soil microbial transport vehicles are fungal hyphae, plant roots, and subterranean animals. Through their activities, aerobic-anaerobic gradients in the soil crumb mosaics emerge. Plant root intertissue spaces, animal guts, and co-transported soil crumbs where under carbon-dominated C H2O /NO 3 − ratios preferred microbes reside are mobile locations in well-aerated soils. In such reduction-equivalent surplus environments, denitrifying communities are forced to use during anaerobic respiration available nitrate-, nitrite ions, NO, and N 2 O economically. Though at carbon-dominated C H2O /NO 3 − ratios more N 2 O is reduced to N 2 than in nitrate surplus environments, a complete prevention of N 2 O emissions is not a reality and even not desirable from the climate point of view. After describing N 2 O formation and emissions from a compost pile, a municipal wastewater treatment plant, a constructed wetland, and mineral N-fertilizer, sewage sludge or nitrification inhibitor-stabilized N-fertilizer amended soils with their aerobic-anaerobic mosaics, this review tries to deduce exercisable CN (C H2O /NO 3 ) ratio shaping and N 2 O emission lowering strategies for ecologists, agriculturists, and waste managers in our industrializing world.

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Section: Cn Ratio-dependent N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Denitrification Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Denitrification Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Control of NO3 − and N2O emissions in agroecosystems: A review

Benckiser

Schartel²,

Weiske³

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…Third, there is evidence that both direct assimilatory N 2 O fixation via nitrogenase (Vieten et al, 2008;Ishii et al, 2011; Farías et al, 2013) or indirect N 2 O fixation via a combination of N 2 O reduction and N 2 fixation can account for N 2 O consumption. Itakura et al (2013) showed that inoculation of soil grown with soybean with a non-genetically modified mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with higher N 2 O reductase activity (nosZ++) reduced N 2 O emission.…”

Section: Nitrous Oxide Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The soil N cycle: new insights and key challenges

Groenigen

Huygens

Boeckx

et al. 2015

SOIL

185

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Abstract. The study of soil N cycling processes has been, is, and will be at the centre of attention in soil science research. The importance of N as a nutrient for all biota; the ever-increasing rates of its anthropogenic input in terrestrial (agro)ecosystems; its resultant losses to the environment; and the complexity of the biological, physical, and chemical factors that regulate N cycling processes all contribute to the necessity of further understanding, measuring, and altering the soil N cycle. Here, we review important insights with respect to the soil N cycle that have been made over the last decade, and present a personal view on the key challenges of future research. We identify three key challenges with respect to basic N cycling processes producing gaseous emissions:1. quantifying the importance of nitrifier denitrification and its main controlling factors; 2. characterizing the greenhouse gas mitigation potential and microbiological basis for N 2 O consumption; 3. characterizing hotspots and hot moments of denitrification Furthermore, we identified a key challenge with respect to modelling: 1. disentangling gross N transformation rates using advanced 15 N / 18 O tracing models Finally, we propose four key challenges related to how ecological interactions control N cycling processes:1. linking functional diversity of soil fauna to N cycling processes beyond mineralization; 2. determining the functional relationship between root traits and soil N cycling; 3. characterizing the control that different types of mycorrhizal symbioses exert on N cycling; 4. quantifying the contribution of non-symbiotic pathways to total N fixation fluxes in natural systemsWe postulate that addressing these challenges will constitute a comprehensive research agenda with respect to the N cycle for the next decade. Such an agenda would help us to meet future challenges on food and energy security, biodiversity conservation, water and air quality, and climate stability.

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No significant change noted in annual nitrous oxide flux under precipitation changes in a temperate desert steppe

Yue

Zuo

et al. 2021

Land Degrad Dev

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As the third most important greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) poses a significant threat to global warming and the ozone layer. However, the effects of precipitation changes on N 2 O emissions in arid areas remain unclear, particularly in desert steppe environments. Therefore, an in situ control experiment was conducted from July 2018 to July 2020 to examine the N 2 O emissions with changes in precipitation in the Urat Desert Steppe, northwestern China. The results showed that the N 2 O emission rate was relatively low in this desert steppe, at À0.04 to +15.0 μg N m À2 hr À1 with an annual flux of 0.20 ± 0.03 kg N ha À1 . An increasing trend of N 2 O emission was observed in the early growing season (February to June 2019) when the precipitation was increased by 40% and 60% of its natural level. In contrast, no significant change in N 2 O emissions was observed when the precipitation was decreased during the same period. During the middle and late growing season and in the nongrowing season, precipitation changes did not significantly affect N 2 O emissions. In particular, no significant change in the annual N 2 O flux was observed during the entire observation period whether the precipitation was increased or decreased. Furthermore, the results of a structural equation model showed that the most important controlling factor for N 2 O emission is an abundance of key functional ammonia monooxygenase genes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea, which are restricted by the soil NH 4 + -N content, followed by abundances of key functional NO 2 À reductase (nirK) and N 2 O reductase (nosZ) genes. In contrast, the indirect effect of soil moisture on the abundance of nosZ compensated for the direct effect of soil moisture on N 2 O emissions.These results show that the primary and secondary origins of N 2 O emissions are soil ammonia oxidation and soil denitrification processes, respectively. In these two processes, N 2 O emissions are influenced more by the abundance of key functional microorganisms than by soil moisture, which might be limited mainly by the available soil nitrogen. Overall, the N 2 O emissions in the desert steppe environment were not sensitive to precipitation changes and were regulated mainly by nitrogen-related key functional microorganisms.

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The fate of N<sub>2</sub>O consumed in soils

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

Control of NO3 − and N2O emissions in agroecosystems: A review

Control of NO3 − and N2O emissions in agroecosystems: A review

The soil N cycle: new insights and key challenges

No significant change noted in annual nitrous oxide flux under precipitation changes in a temperate desert steppe

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