The fatigue of carbon fibre reinforced plastics - A review

Alam, Parvez; Mamalis, Dimitrios; Robert, Colin; Floreani, Christophe; Brádaigh, Conchúr M. Ó

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.02.016

Cited by 273 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 283 publications

(377 reference statements)

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“…This is why CFs, despite their high cost, are widely investigated and applied. The most promising CF application is as a reinforcement for polymer based composites [1][2][3]. CF reinforced polymer composites have been widely used as engineering materials in the aeronautic and automotive industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of CF reinforced polymer composites strongly depend on the fiber shape and location in the matrix. Polymer composites filled with short CFs are widely used as materials with good mechanical and tribological performance [3,[13][14][15]. The technology of the formation of such composites is relatively cheap and easy [16,17], moreover, they are suitable for production by additive manufacturing [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the investigation and structural applications of CF reinforced polymer composites is based on 2D CF fabrics. Among the carbon fabrics, the most commonly used as reinforcement in polymer composites are woven fabrics, whereas knitted and braided fabrics are used much less often [3]. The number of weave structures that can be produced is practically unlimited, but in the investigations and applications, based structures such as plain, twill and satin are most commonly used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For critical structures operating under high loads and elevated temperatures, composite materials with matrices based on thermoplastic polymers are actively beginning to be applied. Thermoplastic based composites show a considerably higher static fracture toughness compared to the thermoset (epoxy) composites [3]. Important advantages of thermoplastics are their unlimited shelf life, low curing duration, maintainability (i.e., the ability to correct defects and damage by reheating), the possibility of reforming defective products [31], high environmental resistance, and high chemical resistance including to aviation fuels and oils [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and Properties of Polysulfone Filled with Modified Twill Weave Carbon Fabrics

et al. 2019

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Carbon fabrics are widely used in polymer based composites. Nowadays, most of the advanced high-performance composites are based on thermosetting polymer matrices such as epoxy resin. Thermoplastics have received high attention as polymer matrices due to their low curing duration, high chemical resistance, high recyclability, and mass production capability in comparison with thermosetting polymers. In this paper, we suggest thermoplastic based composite materials reinforced with carbon fibers. Composites based on polysulfone reinforced with carbon fabrics using polymer solvent impregnation were studied. It is well known that despite the excellent mechanical properties, carbon fibers possess poor wettability and adhesion to polymers because of the fiber surface chemical inertness and smoothness. Therefore, to improve the fiber–matrix interfacial interaction, the surface modification of the carbon fibers by thermal oxidation was used. It was shown that the surface modification resulted in a noticeable change in the functional composition of the carbon fibers’ surface and increased the mechanical properties of the polysulfone based composites. Significant increase in composites mechanical properties and thermal stability as a result of carbon fiber surface modification was observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and Properties of Polysulfone Filled with Modified Twill Weave Carbon Fabrics

et al. 2019

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“…Simplified log-log Ashby diagram showing the specific stiffness against specific strength for different engineering materials. Reprinted with permission from[339].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Functionalization in the Applications of Carbon Materials: An Overview

Speranza

2019

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The carbon-based materials (CbMs) refer to a class of substances in which the carbon atoms can assume different hybridization states (sp 1 , sp 2 , sp 3 ) leading to different allotropic structures -. In these substances, the carbon atoms can form robust covalent bonds with other carbon atoms or with a vast class of metallic and non-metallic elements, giving rise to an enormous number of compounds from small molecules to long chains to solids. This is one of the reasons why the carbon chemistry is at the basis of the organic chemistry and the biochemistry from which life on earth was born. In this context, the surface chemistry assumes a substantial role dictating the physical and chemical properties of the carbon-based materials. Different functionalities are obtained by bonding carbon atoms with heteroatoms (mainly oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur) determining a certain reactivity of the compound which otherwise is rather weak. This holds for classic materials such as the diamond, the graphite, the carbon black and the porous carbon but functionalization is widely applied also to the carbon nanostructures which came at play mainly in the last two decades. As a matter of fact, nowadays, in addition to fabrication of nano and porous structures, the functionalization of CbMs is at the basis of a number of applications as catalysis, energy conversion, sensing, biomedicine, adsorption etc. This work is dedicated to the modification of the surface chemistry reviewing the different approaches also considering the different macro and nano allotropic forms of carbon.C 2019, 5, 84 3 of 45 narrow graphite-like interconnected layers. This leads to a closed pore rigid structure that is chemically inert, hard but brittle [48][49][50].Due to the highly resistant, conductive, and inert network, glassy carbons are utilized in a series of rather different applications. They are utilized as electrodes in solid state batteries and in industrial harsh chemical processes where also high temperatures are involved such as crystallization of CaF2, CdS and ZnS. Glassy carbon can be utilized to manufacture high temperature furnace elements. Due to the chemical inertness, glassy carbons are utilized also in fabrication of protheses. Porous carbon and carbon black are much softer. Generally, in industrial applications important is the extension of the surface which is exposed to the external environment. The porous carbon is characterized by a high specific surface area enhancing the interaction with the external medium. Although it possesses a lower conductivity with respect to glassy carbon, the high porosity and the presence of active sites makes it a good material to fabricate electrodes for applications in electrochemistry [51][52][53] and bioelectrodes for sensing and stimulation [54,55].The same holds for the carbon black mainly utilized as additive in rubbers and polymers to improve their mechanical properties, or as a pigment [56] although new potentialities have been recently envisaged [57].Common to all the forms of carbon which are bri...

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