The Fatty Acid Composition of Phosphatidylglycerol and Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol of Higher Plants in Relation to Chilling Sensitivity

Kenrick, Janette R.; Bishop, David G.

doi:10.1104/pp.81.4.946

Cited by 51 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Accordingly, the red color outside the bundle sheath layer, where SQDG is exclusively detected, corresponds to the mesophyll cells. Both PG and SQDG are known to be major components of all thylakoid membranes, and the 34:2 and 34:3 forms of PG and SQDG, respectively, have been previously demonstrated to be highly abundant in maize leaves at the developmental stage that was sampled in this study [26,27]. In the maize leaves harvested from 45 day old plants, SQDG has been reported to be at similar abundance in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, regardless of its fatty acid composition, whereas PG is asymmetrically distributed depending on its fatty acyl chains [28].…”

Section: Maize Leaf Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcellular-level resolution MALDI-MS imaging of maize leaf metabolites by MALDI-linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer

et al. 2015

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A significant limiting factor in achieving high spatial resolution for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionizationmass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging is the size of the laser spot at the sample surface. Here, we present modifications to the beam-delivery optics of a commercial MALDI-linear ion trap-Orbitrap instrument, incorporating an external Nd:YAG laser, beam-shaping optics, and an aspheric focusing lens, to reduce the minimum laser spot size from ~50 μm for the commercial configuration down to ~9 μm for the modified configuration. This improved system was applied for MALDI-MS imaging of cross sections of juvenile maize leaves at 5-μm spatial resolution using an oversampling method. A variety of different metabolites including amino acids, glycerolipids, and defense-related compounds were imaged at a spatial resolution well below the size of a single cell. Such images provide unprecedented insights into the metabolism associated with the different tissue types of the maize leaf, which is known to asymmetrically distribute the reactions of C4 photosynthesis among the mesophyll and bundle sheath cell types. The metabolite ion images correlate with the optical images that reveal the structures of the different tissues, and previously known and newly revealed asymmetric metabolic features are observed. KeywordsMass spectrometry imaging, Metabolite, Maize ABSTRACTA significant limiting factor in achieving high spatial resolution for MALDI-MS imaging is the size of the laser spot at the sample surface. Here we present modifications to the beamdelivery optics of a commercial MALDI-linear ion trap-Orbitrap instrument, incorporating an external Nd:YAG laser, beam-shaping optics, and an aspheric focusing lens, to reduce the minimum laser spot size from ~50 µm for the commercial configuration down to ~5 µm for the modified configuration. At the laser energy needed for efficient desorption and ionization of endogenous metabolites from tissue, the analytically practical spot size was slightly larger, at ~9µm. This improved system was applied for MALDI-MS imaging of cross-sections of juvenile maize leaves at 5 µm spatial resolution using an oversampling method. A variety of different metabolites including amino acids, glycerolipids, and defense-related compounds were imaged at a spatial resolution well below the size of a single cell. Such images provide unprecedented insights into the metabolism associated with the different tissue types of the maize leaf, which is known to asymmetrically distribute the reactions of C4 photosynthesis among the mesophyll and bundle sheath cell types. The metabolite ion images correlate with the optical images that reveal the structures of the different tissues, and previously known and newly revealed asymmetric metabolic features are observed.

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Section: Maize Leaf Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcellular-level resolution MALDI-MS imaging of maize leaf metabolites by MALDI-linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer

et al. 2015

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“…This clearly indicates that the levels of the high melting point species of PG in chillingsensitive and chilling-resistant plants overlap. These considerations have led several investigators (1,5,25) to conclude that levels of high melting point PG more strongly correlate with the genetic origin of the plant rather than with its degree of chilling sensitivity. Possible pitfalls arising from the correlative approach have been described in detail (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other workers have not found a good correlation between the content of high melting point molecular species of PG and chilling sensitivity (1,5,25) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Temperature on the Phase Behavior and Permeability of Thylakoid Lipid Vesicles

Webb

Lynch²,

Green³

1992

Plant Physiol.

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Large unilamellar vesicles composed of thylakoid glycolipids, phosphatidylglycerol, and varying proportions of dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) have been examined for the temperature dependence of their permeability to 86Rb+ and for the occurrence of liquid-crystalline to gel (L,-to-L,) primary plant response to chilling temperatures is a L,-to-L,4lipid phase transition in the cellular membranes (9, 21). One prediction of this theory was that significantly increased cellular permeability to ions and other solutes would result from the formation of 'cracks and channels' in the solid-state lipid (9). More recently, a similar hypothesis specific to the chloroplast membranes was proposed by Murata and co-workers (12, 14-17). The hypothesis suggests that elevated proportions of high melting point molecular species of PG in chloroplasts promote the formation of L3 phase lipid at chilling temperatures in sensitive plants. The hypothesis has been supported by the detection of L,,-to-L# phase transitions in the PG molecular species purified from chilling-sensitive plants but not in the PG molecular species from chillingresistant plants or in other thylakoid lipids from resistant plants (17). In addition, phase transitions have been detected by DSC in the total polar lipids from the leaves (24) and thylakoids (23) of chilling-sensitive plants as well as by fluorescence methods in thylakoid, mitochondrial, and plasma membrane preparations and their lipid extracts (3,20,22). Positive correlations have been found between chilling sensitivity and the proportions of HMFA (palmitic acid, 16:1, and stearic acid) and/or with the content of high melting point molecular species of PG (7,12,15,16). On the other hand, no correlation was observed between the degree of chilling sensitivity of CO2 fixation and the occurrence of endotherms, as detected by DSC, in the thylakoids of a wide variety of chilling-sensitive and chilling-resistant plants (8).No changes in Chl a fluorescence, indicative of phase separation, were observed in chloroplasts of chilling-sensitive tomato between 0 and 200C (13). Other workers have not found a good correlation between the content of high melting point molecular species of PG and chilling sensitivity (1,5,25)

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“…The fatty acid composition of plant plastidial PG is supposed to be important for chilling tolerance of plants (40,41) and electron transport in photosystem II (reviewed in Ref. 42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Functional Characterization of the 2-Hydroxy Fatty N-Acyl-Δ3(E)-desaturase from Fusarium graminearum

Zäuner

Zähringer

Lindner

et al. 2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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⌬3(E)-Unsaturated fatty acids are characteristic components of glycosylceramides from some fungi, including also humanand plant-pathogenic species. The function and genetic basis for this unsaturation is unknown. For Fusarium graminearum, which is pathogenic to grasses and cereals, we could show that the level of ⌬3-unsaturation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) was highest at low temperatures and decreased when the fungus was grown above 28°C. With a bioinformatics approach, we identified a new family of polypeptides carrying the histidine box motifs characteristic for membrane-bound desaturases. One of the corresponding genes was functionally characterized as a sphingolipid-⌬3(E)-desaturase.

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The Fatty Acid Composition of Phosphatidylglycerol and Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol of Higher Plants in Relation to Chilling Sensitivity

Cited by 51 publications

References 21 publications

Subcellular-level resolution MALDI-MS imaging of maize leaf metabolites by MALDI-linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer

Subcellular-level resolution MALDI-MS imaging of maize leaf metabolites by MALDI-linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer

Effects of Temperature on the Phase Behavior and Permeability of Thylakoid Lipid Vesicles

Identification and Functional Characterization of the 2-Hydroxy Fatty N-Acyl-Δ3(E)-desaturase from Fusarium graminearum

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