The fatty acid compositions of total, neutral and polar lipids in wild and farmed lambari (Astyanax altiparanae) (Garutti & Britski, 2000) broodstock

Abstract

One way to develop broodstock fish diets is to determine the compositions of wild broodstock tissues and attempt to replicate these compositions in the eggs of farmed fish via dietary manipulation. We collected 30 wild and 30 farmed lambari females that were in the reproductive stage. The extraction and separation of polar and neutral fractions and the saponification and methylation of lipids were performed and analysed in the muscles, livers and ovaries to determine the compositions of the fatty acids via gas chromatography. Regardless of habitat, lambaris mobilize large amounts of fat to the ovaries during the reproductive period, in addition to highly unsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. The wild lambaris were observed to contain higher levels of various fatty acids, including linoleic acid, which is an essential fatty acid. The most abundant fatty acid that was observed in the commercial diet was linoleic acid, which was supplied in all fish farmed tissues. The commercial diet has low AA, EPA and DHA contents, and, higher levels of these fatty acids were recorded in the tissues of farmed lambari, which suggests that this species are able to elongate and desaturate precursors, linoleic and linolenic acids, into highly unsaturated fatty acids.

Desempenho reprodutivo de lambaris alimentados com grãos secos de destilaria

“…GONÇALVES et al (2014) reportaram 1190 µm para o diâmetro do ovo e 2200 a 3100 µm para o comprimento da larva. FELIZARDO et al (2012) determinaram 1135,4±49,1 µm, e ENVAGELISTA (2015) observou 611,61±31,54 µm para o diâmetro dos ovos.…”

“…Estes resultados encontramse dentro dos intervalos reportados por PORTO-FORESTI et al (2005) de 13 a 20% para as fêmeas e 2% a 5% para machos. Em lambaris alimentados com diferentes fontes lipídicas foi determinado IGS médio de 16,77% (GONÇALVES et al, 2014). FELIZARDO et al (2012), ao avaliar o efeito do momento da indução hormonal na atividade reprodutiva de Astyanax altiparanae, obtiveram 18,0±7,9%, e SATO et al (2006) registraram 18,0±1,5% ao estudar a biologia reprodutiva e reprodução induzida de duas espécies de Characidae.…”

“…O lambari-de-rabo-amarelo (Astyanax altiparanae), espécie de peixe de água doce, onívora, nativa da América do Sul, amplamente distribuída na bacia do rio Tietê e seus afluentes (PORTO-FORESTI et al, 2005), assim como do nordeste brasileiro até a bacia do Prata (VILELA e HAYASHI, 2001;COTAN et al, 2006), evidencia-se por ter curto ciclo de produção, aceitar bem dietas processadas e pela alta taxa de reprodução (GONÇALVES et al, 2014). Por ser peixe de pequeno porte, o lambari é usado como modelo experimental para outras espécies de grande porte (FELIZARDO et al, 2012;COSTA et al, 2013;YASUI et al, 2014).…”

Changes in tissue composition in Brazilian mojarraEugerres brasilianus(Cuvier, 1830) females at different stages of gonadal development as a starting point for development of broodstock diets

“…Studies on broodstock nutrition are limited due to the magnitude and complexity of the infrastructure needed to maintain groups of adult fish as well as the relatively high operating costs in conducting longterm feeding experiments (Izquierdo et al., ). One strategy for developing broodstock diets for captive breeding is to determine the nutrient types and levels of wild females at different stages of gonad maturation and thus prepare broodstock diets in line with these nutrient levels (Wiegand, ; Craig et al., ; Perez et al., ; Gonçalves et al., ).…”

Determination of Fatty Acid Profiles and Esterase Activities in the Gills and Gonads of Vimba vimba (L., 1758)

“…However, in general, tissues like liver and muscle have taken over the function to transfer depot fats to other tissues that need fat, depending on their physiological activities. At the same time, gonads also have the capacity to store lipids [9]. Lipolytic enzymes consisting of esterases and lipases are required for the mobilization of lipids in organisms.…”