No abstract

One way to develop broodstock fish diets is to determine the compositions of wild broodstock tissues and attempt to replicate these compositions in the eggs of farmed fish via dietary manipulation. We collected 30 wild and 30 farmed lambari females that were in the reproductive stage. The extraction and separation of polar and neutral fractions and the saponification and methylation of lipids were performed and analysed in the muscles, livers and ovaries to determine the compositions of the fatty acids via gas chromatography. Regardless of habitat, lambaris mobilize large amounts of fat to the ovaries during the reproductive period, in addition to highly unsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. The wild lambaris were observed to contain higher levels of various fatty acids, including linoleic acid, which is an essential fatty acid. The most abundant fatty acid that was observed in the commercial diet was linoleic acid, which was supplied in all fish farmed tissues. The commercial diet has low AA, EPA and DHA contents, and, higher levels of these fatty acids were recorded in the tissues of farmed lambari, which suggests that this species are able to elongate and desaturate precursors, linoleic and linolenic acids, into highly unsaturated fatty acids.

No abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing animal protein with vegetable protein sources on the productive performance of Astyanax altiparanae (lambari-do-rabo-amarelo). Five experimental diets were formulated with increasing replacement levels of animal protein by vegetable protein. A total of 9000 individuals (initial mean weight 1.18 ± 0.12 g, initial mean length 2.1 ± 0.3 cm) were distributed in 20 net cages (1 m 3) with a density of 450 ind. m-3. Cages were randomly placed in a pond (180 m 2 , 1.5 m deep, 10% water renewal per day). After 63 days of cultivation, total count and individual biometrics from 20% of each experimental unit were taken. Mean weight, total length, survival, feed conversion, biomass weight gain and proximate body composition were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replications. The reduction in the formulation cost achieved by increasing levels of vegetable protein compensated the slight decrease in biomass gain. Besides that, inclusion of vegetable protein resulted in greater fat deposition, suggesting future exploration of A. altiparanae as a functional food.

Para estudar o manejo alimentar de alevinos de tilápia do Nilo (Perciformes, Cichlidae) foram estocados 1680 exemplares dessa espécie, com aproximadamente 24 mm de comprimento médio e 0,30 g de peso médio. Esses foram distribuídos em 24 caixas de água com capacidade de 250 L cada. Foram alimentados com ração comercial, sendo a mesma oferecida quatro vezes ao dia. O experimento foi constituído por quatro tratamentos, com diferentes níveis de vitamina C, com seis repetições cada. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas: temperatura do ambiente e da água, transparência, oxigênio dissolvido, níveis de amônia e níveis de nitrito presentes na água, pH, biovolume de fitoplâncton e de zooplâncton, período do dia, número da coleta e efeito do tratamento. Conclui-se que o grau de repleção do estômago (GR) é influenciado pela temperatura do ar, período do dia, temperatura da água, pH, biovolume do fitoplâncton e número da coleta. Os maiores valores para o GR foram obtidos nos horários mais quentes do dia, demonstrando que o consumo de alimento ocorre, preferencialmente, em temperaturas mais elevadas, o que coincide com o período de maior luminosidade, caracterizando a espécie como diurna. O tipo de alimento preferencial foi o artificial, seguido pelo fitoplâncton, que é consumido constantemente, confirmando a tendência fitoplânctófoga e filtradora da espécie. Palavras-chave: tilápia do Nilo, grau de repleção do estômago, fitoplâncton, zooplâncton, hábito alimentar. ABSTRACT. Feeding management of fingerlings of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) associated with physical, biological and chemical variables of the environment. Feed management of 1680 Nile tilapia fingerlings (Perciformes, Cichlidae) with approximately 24 mm of mean length and 0.30g of mean weight is provided. The fingerlings were distributed in 24 tanks with 250 liters each. capacity each one. They were feed on a commercial diet four times a day. Four treatments with different levels of vitamin C and six repetitions constituted the experiment. Data of physical-chemical and biological variables, environment and water temperature, water transparency, dissolved oxygen, ammonium and nitrite levels in water, pH, phytoplankton and zooplankton biovolume, period of day, number collect and effect of treatment were analyzed. Stomach repletion degree is influenced by water and environment temperature, period of day, pH, phytoplankton and zooplankton biovolume and number of collect. Highest values of RD were obtained in the hottest hours of the day, which shows that the feed intake occurs in the highest temperature, coinciding with the time of the most intense light species characterized as diurnal. Artificial diet was preferred, followed by phytoplankton. This confirms the phytoplanktivorous habit of the specie, its diet and filtered, non-visual predation.