The Feasibility of Employing IEEE802.11p in Electronic-Based Congestion Pricing Zone: A Comparative Study with RFID

Abstract

Congestion pricing has been defined as the best solution to efficiently alleviate the traffic congestion in a designated area. Generally, the basis of congestion pricing zone (CPZ) systems comprised of the following three main phases: vehicle detection, data communication, and enforcement. In terms of data communication, the majority of the existing systems utilize Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) which contains several limitations such as a low transmission range, low data rate, communication drawbacks like delay, tag and reader collisions, signal fading, and interception. In this particular context, it would be very constructive to take advantage of a Vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET) that is based on the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) method to design a pervasive-congestion pricing system. This study aims to design an optimized CPZmanagement model using VANET to solve the existing mainstream problems. The proposed approach is evaluated and validated using a simulation environment and a selection of tools including NS-2, SUMO, and TraNS. The experimental results from two different scenarios (i.e. using RFID-based RSU and DSRC-based RSU) were attained after considering the number, velocity, and occupancy of the contributed vehicles, and the traffic flow. The obtained results show that DSRC outperformed RFID in terms of occupancy, traffic flow, and velocity by an average of 8.27%, 22%, and 13.75%, respectively. Consequently, the DSRC employment under VANET infrastructure not only enhances data-communication, but also reduces traffic congestion around CPZ.

T-Coin: Dynamic Traffic Congestion Pricing System for the Internet of Vehicles in Smart Cities

“…They proposed a cost function and used the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation to derive an optimal control law that used real-time information to determine an optimal tolling price. Marefat et al [16] discussed the feasibility of using VANET instead of the traditional radio frequency identification (RFID) to implement congestion pricing and proved the superiority of the VANET-based pricing system, as the RFID-based systems suffer from several limitations such as low data rate, low transmission range, as well as other communication drawbacks such as delay, tag and reader collisions, signal fading, and interception. The proposed system is evaluated using simulation tools, specifically NS-2, SUMO, and TraNS.…”

Reliable and Secure Distributed Smart Road Pricing System for Smart Cities

“…Road pricing has emerged as an effective approach to reduce bottlenecks, encourage carpooling and traveling in public transport, and ensure only unavoidable journeys on the most congested roads. Current Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) systems require gantries located along highways and roads to reduce congestion during peak hours, as well as Invehicle Units (IU) that are affixed on every vehicle [5]. The system also relies on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) to charge drivers using smart cards inserted into the IUs each S. Bouchelaghem and M. Omar are with Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie.…”