The feasibility of using ethylene-vinyl acetate/natural rubber (EVA/NR)-based thermoplastic elastomer as filament material in fused deposition modelling (FDM)-3D printing application

Hassim, Dayang Habibah Abang Ismawi; Ismail, Nik Intan Nik; Sarkawi, Siti Salina; Ngeow, Yen Wan; Ibrahim, Suhawati; Yong, Kok Chong

doi:10.1007/s42464-021-00145-0

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, the reduced melt viscosity may improve the material flow during 3D printing and thus enable more accurate deposition of material ( Domsta et al, 2023 ). Nevertheless, highly flexible filaments as a result of higher plasticizer amounts would cause difficulties regarding their feeding behavior in 3D printing and might be not processable using this technique ( Shaqour et al, 2020 ; Hassim et al, 2021 ; Nasereddin et al, 2018 ). Moreover, the used plasticizers have an impact on the mechanical properties of the final product.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Dexamethasone during Hot-Melt Extrusion of Filaments based on Eudragit® RS, Ethyl Cellulose and Polyethylene Oxide

Domsta,

Boralewski,

Ulbricht

et al. 2024

International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Dexamethasone during Hot-Melt Extrusion of Filaments based on Eudragit® RS, Ethyl Cellulose and Polyethylene Oxide

Domsta,

Boralewski,

Ulbricht

et al. 2024

International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X

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“…The possession of a distinctive molecular configuration enables the polymer chains to readily undergo sliding and reorganization when subjected to external force, thereby conferring exceptional properties of elongation and recovery. The exceptional ability of flexible filaments to withstand bending, flexing, and impact absorption makes them ideal for deployment in various applications, including wearable devices, gaskets, and flexible joints [ 101 , 102 , 103 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Composite Materials Utilized in FDM/FFF 3D Printing Manufacturing Processes: The Case of Filled Filaments

Kantaros,

Soulis,

Petrescu

et al. 2023

Materials

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The emergence of additive manufacturing technologies has brought about a significant transformation in several industries. Among these technologies, Fused Deposition Modeling/Fused Filament Fabrication (FDM/FFF) 3D printing has gained prominence as a rapid prototyping and small-scale production technique. The potential of FDM/FFF for applications that require improved mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties has been restricted due to the limited range of materials that are suitable for this process. This study explores the integration of various reinforcements, including carbon fibers, glass fibers, and nanoparticles, into the polymer matrix of FDM/FFF filaments. The utilization of advanced materials for reinforcing the filaments has led to the enhancement in mechanical strength, stiffness, and toughness of the 3D-printed parts in comparison to their pure polymer counterparts. Furthermore, the incorporation of fillers facilitates improved thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flame retardancy, thereby broadening the scope of potential applications for FDM/FFF 3D-printed components. Additionally, the article underscores the difficulties linked with the utilization of filled filaments in FDM/FFF 3D printing, including but not limited to filament extrusion stability, nozzle clogging, and interfacial adhesion between the reinforcement and matrix. Ultimately, a variety of pragmatic implementations are showcased, wherein filled filaments have exhibited noteworthy benefits in comparison to standard FDM/FFF raw materials. The aforementioned applications encompass a wide range of industries, such as aerospace, automotive, medical, electronics, and tooling. The article explores the possibility of future progress and the incorporation of innovative reinforcement materials. It presents a plan for the ongoing growth and application of advanced composite materials in FDM/FFF 3D printing.

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“…After investigation, they concluded that the excellent toughness made the NR/PLA filaments an eco-friendly substitution for ABS in 3D printing applications. NR was also chosen by Hassim et al [ 16 ] to develop the filaments for FDM 3D printing by blending with ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA). Though all the EVA/NR blends were unsuccessfully printed due to buckling attributed to the material behavior, different thermoplastic and nano/bio fillers were thought to be able to improve printability and provide desirable properties suitable for a specific application when they were involved in the ingredients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDM 3D Printing and Properties of PBAT/PLA Blends

Yu,

Li,

Lei

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) has been widely used in fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. In order to improve its comprehensive properties in 3D printing, in this study, 0-40% content of polybutylene adipate terephthalate(PBAT) was selected to be blended with PLA in a twin-screw extruder; the resulting pellets were drawn into a homogeneous filament; then, PBAT/PLA samples were prepared by FDM 3D printing, and the effects of the dosage of PBAT on the mechanical properties, thermal behavior, surface wettability and melt flowability of the samples were investigated. The results showed that all the samples could be printed smoothly, and the ductility was slightly improved by the increase in the PBAT dosage; the thermal stability of PLA was enhanced by blending with PBAT, and the crystallinity increased monotonically with the increase in PBAT. After blending with PBAT, the surfaces of the samples were more hydrophilic and flowable. The important conclusion achieved in this work was that the PBAT/PLA blends, especially those containing 30%PBAT, showed great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics and are suitable for use in FDM 3D printing technologies for different applications.

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The feasibility of using ethylene-vinyl acetate/natural rubber (EVA/NR)-based thermoplastic elastomer as filament material in fused deposition modelling (FDM)-3D printing application

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Stability of Dexamethasone during Hot-Melt Extrusion of Filaments based on Eudragit® RS, Ethyl Cellulose and Polyethylene Oxide

Stability of Dexamethasone during Hot-Melt Extrusion of Filaments based on Eudragit® RS, Ethyl Cellulose and Polyethylene Oxide

Advanced Composite Materials Utilized in FDM/FFF 3D Printing Manufacturing Processes: The Case of Filled Filaments

FDM 3D Printing and Properties of PBAT/PLA Blends

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