The feasibility of using treated industrial wastewater to produce concrete

Abstract

We studied the feasibility of reusing of treated industrial wastewater from Tehran Refinery and Distribution Company in the production of concrete. Three types of concrete samples with 350, 400, and 450 kg/m 3 of cement were made with two different types of water, including drinking water and treated industrial wastewater. The results indicated that the use of treated industrial wastewater in the production of concrete instead of drinking water resulted in a 6.9% decreased in compressive strength of cement sand mortar at the age of 28 days. Nevertheless, the strength of cement mortar satisfied the standard of ASTM C109/C109M-16a. The compressive strength of concrete sample produced using treated industrial wastewater decreased by 8.7%; however, the results complied with BS EN 1008. The results of final setting time of cement paste made with treated industrial wastewater had 17 min delay related to using drinking water. Nonetheless, the results satisfy ASTMC191-13. Normal consistency of hydraulic cement, water absorption percentage, the air content of freshly mixed concrete, and concrete density of concrete samples made with treated industrial wastewater did not change significantly related to concrete samples made with drinking water. Similarly, the results of electrical resistivity of concrete samples increased by an average 7.7%, while using treated wastewater instead of drinking water. Nevertheless, the chlorine ion penetration potential was very low. As a result, we could use the treated industrial wastewater for producing concrete. K E Y W O R D Scompressive strength, concrete sample, treated industrial wastewater, water scarcity

Workability, mechanical, and durability properties of self‐compacting concrete using the treated wastewater

“…Also, as observed in Table 9, applying the treated wastewater instead of tap water in the different concrete mix designs, the 30‐min water adsorption increased between 0.4 and 1% at 28 days. Asadollahfardi et al 12 and Asadollahfardi and Mahdavi 13 confirmed our results, but they studied on conventional concrete; however, we worked on SCCs. As a general, using treated wastewater decreased durability of different concrete mix designs.…”

“…This SEM image confirmed decreasing the compressive strength of concrete samples containing the treated wastewater related to concrete samples using drinking water. The same results of SEM were achieved by Asadollahfardi et al and Asadollahfard and Mahdavi et al 13 The difference between their studies and present work is we studied on SCCs instead of conventional concrete.…”

“…Also, the same results were achieved in concrete contain zeolite or slag or mixture of silica fume and fly ash (Figure 8d–f). Nirmalkumar and Sivakumar, 9 Mehrdadi et al, 10 Al‐Jabri et al, 11 Asadollahfardi et al, 12 Asadollahfardi et al, 32 and Asadollahfardi and Mahdavi 13 reported slightly decreasing of compressive strength while using treated wastewater instead of tap water. The difference between the present study and other researches is that they worked on conventional concrete.…”

“…Similarly, they described that treated wastewater raised the permeability of concrete and homogeneous surface of conventional concrete transforms into porous surfaces, because of the presence of the organic matter of wastewater 12 . Asadollahfardi and Mahdavi described that using treated industrial wastewater instead of tap water reduced the compressive strength of the cement mortar, and concrete samples once increases the electrical resistivity of concrete samples 13 …”

A Review on the Performance of Concrete Containing Non-Potable Water

“…Since the chemical composition of WW is different from that of tap water, reactions and more gas bubbles may be generated. Based on the studies of Saxena and Tembhurkar [24,27], Asadollahfardi and Mahdavi [31] and Yahyaei et al [32], the air content of concrete increases (2-34%) with the use of WW, unless it has been treated.…”