The review systematized the current data on new classes of pharmacological compounds and biologically active substances in the field
of radiation protection in Ukraine, as well as abroad. Methodological
approaches and the importance of using appropriate animal models
in the development of new pharmacological drugs for radiation protection are described, specifically in the cases when it is impossible to
conduct full clinical trials on patients. Current views on the division
of pharmacological agents into radioprotectors, radiomitigators, and
therapeutic radiation protection agents are examined. The changes
in the hematopoietic tissue, gastrointestinal tract and neurovascular
system that occur after acute radiation exposure are also described.
Particular attention is paid to pharmacological agents that can protect against acute exposure to ionizing radiation by limiting the risk
of radiation mortality from the hematological and gastrointestinal
forms of radiation syndrome. Results of the effectiveness of tolerant
antioxidants with a wide spectrum of biological activity as promising
agents for the prevention of acute and delayed radiation-induced
pathology, in particular, in lung tissue, are presented. Possible molecular mechanisms of the radioprotective effect of pharmacological
compounds on experimental models of total and local radiation
exposure are discussed. The effectiveness of the therapeutic use of
growth factors and recombinant cytokines in acute bone marrow
suppression аfter accidental radiation exposure is shown. The possibilities of cell therapy with myeloid progenitor cells mobilized
by tocopherol succinate hematopoietic/progenitor cells and bone
marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in acute radiation injuries are
shown. Special attention is paid to the importance of improving such
methodological approaches and regulatory requirements when introducing into practice new radiation protection facilities in Ukraine.
Key words: radiation protection, ionizing radiation, pharmacological
agents, acute radiation syndrome.
For citation: Uzlenkova NE. New pharmacological means of radiation
protection (literature review). Journal of the National Academy of
Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2019;25(3) :268–77