“…Since museums are typically free-choice learning settings, the experience is generally voluntary, nonsequential, and highly reactive to what the setting affords (Falk & Dierking, 2000). As such, visitor learning has been shown to be strongly influenced by how successfully visitors are able to orient within the space (e.g., Evans, 1995;Falk & Balling, 1982;Falk, Martin, & Balling, 1978;Kubota & Olstad, 1991;Hayward & Brydon-Miller, 1984); being able to confidently navigate within a complex three-dimensional environment turns out to be highly correlated with what and how much an individual learns. Similarly, intellectual navigation, as supported by quality advance organizers (Anderson & Lucas, 1997;Falk, 1997), has been shown to affect visitor learning from museums.…”