The Fine Structure of the Multivesicular Body and Their Relationship to the Ultracellular Constituents of the Central Nervous System<sup>*</sup><sup>†</sup>

Roĭzin, L; Nishikawa, Kisaku; Koizumi, Junzo; Keoseian, Stephen

doi:10.1097/00005072-196704000-00004

Cited by 18 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…According to the literature, [8][9][10][11] multi vesicular bodies are said to originate from the Golgi system or endoplasmatic reticulum and to contain acid hydro lases that are necessary for the degradation of proteins and phospholipids from cell structures. It is conceivable that cytoplasmatic damage by aspi-…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of gastrointestinal effects of aspirin

Hahn

Krischkofski

Weber

et al. 1975

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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The effect of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) on the ultrastructure of gastric and jejunal mucosa was investigated in patients undergoing gastric surgery and in guinea pigs. The drug caused various degrees of damage to the surface mucous cells in both species perceptible as general signs of cytolysis in situ or as desquanmation. In patients pretreated with aspirin, an increase of secondary lysosomes was noted in the gastric parietal cells but not in the animals. In the intestinal epithelial cells of both species there was a marked increase of multivesicular bodies and the occurrence of transitional stages between the two organoids suggest a functional interrelationship. Since no specific alteration of any cellular organoid was detected, the drug-induced injury is assumed to occur on a molecular level in the cytoplasm. It is concluded that the intracellular concentrations of aspirin in gastrointestinal mucosal cells mechanims but that high drug concentrations may lead to irreversible cell damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of gastrointestinal effects of aspirin

Hahn

Krischkofski

Weber

et al. 1975

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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“…MVBs contain at least two and up to dozens of smaller vesicles within the membrane-enclosed lumen (an average of 24 internal vesicles/MVB, Cooney et al ., 2002). The small vesicles as well as the matrix, the lumenal space between the internal vesicles, are typically clear, but they can be of varying electron densities (Roizin et al ., 1967). The internal vesicles can have heterogeneous sizes with a diameter of 50–100 nm, although they frequently are uniform in size, about 60–70 nm in diameter.…”

Section: Definition Of Mvbs and Scope Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The internal vesicles can have heterogeneous sizes with a diameter of 50–100 nm, although they frequently are uniform in size, about 60–70 nm in diameter. The outer (limiting) membrane is of a similar thickness as the membrane of the internal vesicles and the plasma membrane, with a thickness of about 5.2 nm (Yamamoto, 1963; but see Roizin et al ., 1967). MVBs can be surrounded by and be connected to tubular compartments (Cooney et al ., 2002).…”

Section: Definition Of Mvbs and Scope Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MVBs can be surrounded by and be connected to tubular compartments (Cooney et al ., 2002). Associations with Golgi stacks, endoplasmic reticulum and secretory vesicles have also been described (Palay, 1960; Peters et al ., 1991; Roizin et al ., 1967). MVBs move within cellular compartments along microtubules (Gruenberg and Stenmark, 2004; Saito et al ., 1997).…”

Section: Definition Of Mvbs and Scope Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MVBs have been described in neurons of numerous animal species and classes, including vertebrates and invertebrates (Roizin et al ., 1967). In neurons, MVBs are most commonly located in cell bodies and dendrites.…”

Section: Definition Of Mvbs and Scope Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multivesicular bodies in neurons: Distribution, protein content, and trafficking functions

Bartheld

Altick

2011

Progress in Neurobiology

176

157

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SummaryMultivesicular bodies (MVBs) are intracellular endosomal organelles characterized by multiple internal vesicles that are enclosed within a single outer membrane. MVBs were initially regarded as purely prelysosomal structures along the degradative endosomal pathway of internalized proteins. MVBs are now known to be involved in numerous endocytic and trafficking functions, including protein sorting, recycling, transport, storage, and release. This review of neuronal MVBs summarizes their research history, morphology, distribution, accumulation of cargo and constitutive proteins, transport, and theories of functions of MVBs in neurons and glia. Due to their complex morphologies, neurons have expanded trafficking and signaling needs, beyond those of "geometrically simpler" cells, but it is not known whether neuronal MVBs perform additional transport and signaling functions. This review examines the concept of compartment-specific MVB functions in endosomal protein trafficking and signaling within synapses, axons, dendrites and cell bodies. We critically evaluate reports of the accumulation of neuronal MVBs based on evidence of stress-induced MVB formation. Furthermore, we discuss potential functions of neuronal and glial MVBs in development, in dystrophic neuritic syndromes, injury, disease, and aging. MVBs may play a role in Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Niemann-Pick diseases, some types of frontotemporal dementia, prion and virus trafficking, as well as in adaptive responses of neurons to trauma and toxin or drug exposure. Functions of MVBs in neurons have been much neglected, and major gaps in knowledge currently exist. Developing truly MVB-specific markers would help to elucidate the roles of neuronal MVBs in intra-and intercellular signaling of normal and diseased neurons. KeywordsEndosome; Trafficking; Axonal Transport; Sorting; Release; Endocytosis; Degradation Definition of MVBs and scope of this reviewBased on their original discovery and historical tradition, MVBs are defined -as their name implies -by morphological criteria at the ultrastructural level. MVBs appear in ultrathin sections as spherical organelles characterized by a single outer ("limiting") membrane that Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Cooney et al., 2002). The small vesicles as well as the matrix, the lumenal space between the internal vesicles, are typically clear, but they can be of varying electron densities (Roizin et al., 1967). The internal vesicles can have heterogeneous sizes with a diameter of 50-100 nm, although they frequently are uniform in size, about 60-70 nm in...

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Quantitative analysis of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in the hypoglossal nerve: Evidence that neurotrophic factors do not use MVBs for retrograde axonal transport

Altick

Baryshnikova

et al. 2009

J of Comparative Neurology

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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are defined by multiple internal vesicles enclosed within an outer, limiting membrane. MVBs have previously been quantified in neuronal cell bodies and in dendrites, but their frequencies and significance in axons are controversial. Despite lack of conclusive evidence, it is widely believed that MVBs are the primary organelle that carries neurotrophic factors in axons. Reliable information about axonal MVBs under physiological and pathological conditions is needed for a realistic assessment of their functional roles in neurons. We provide a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of MVBs in the normal postnatal rat hypoglossal nerve and under a variety of experimental conditions. MVBs were about 50 times less frequent in axons than in neuronal cell bodies or dendrites. Five distinct types of MVBs were distinguished in axons, based on MVB size, electron density and size of internal vesicles. While target manipulations did not significantly change MVBs in axons, dystrophic conditions such as delayed fixation substantially increased the number of axonal MVBs. Radiolabeled brain-and glial-cell derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF and GDNF) injected into the tongue did not accumulate during retrograde axonal transport in MVBs, as determined by quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography, and confirmed by analysis of quantum dot-labeled BDNF. We conclude that for axonal transport, neurotrophic factors utilize small vesicles or endosomes that can be inconspicuous at transmission electron microscopic resolution, rather than MVBs. Previous reports of axonal MVBs may be based, in part, on artificial generation of such organelles in axons due to dystrophic conditions.

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The Fine Structure of the Multivesicular Body and Their Relationship to the Ultracellular Constituents of the Central Nervous System^*^†

Cited by 18 publications

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Morphology of gastrointestinal effects of aspirin

Morphology of gastrointestinal effects of aspirin

Multivesicular bodies in neurons: Distribution, protein content, and trafficking functions

Quantitative analysis of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in the hypoglossal nerve: Evidence that neurotrophic factors do not use MVBs for retrograde axonal transport

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The Fine Structure of the Multivesicular Body and Their Relationship to the Ultracellular Constituents of the Central Nervous System*†

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Morphology of gastrointestinal effects of aspirin

Morphology of gastrointestinal effects of aspirin

Multivesicular bodies in neurons: Distribution, protein content, and trafficking functions

Quantitative analysis of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in the hypoglossal nerve: Evidence that neurotrophic factors do not use MVBs for retrograde axonal transport

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The Fine Structure of the Multivesicular Body and Their Relationship to the Ultracellular Constituents of the Central Nervous System^*^†