The Fire Risk in Photovoltaic Installations - Test Protocols For Fire Behavior of PV Modules

Manzini, G.; Gramazio, Pasqualino; Guastella, S.; Liciotti, C.; Baffoni, Gian Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.805

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Moreover, the fire safety norms for PSC-based BIPV should also be evaluated [264,265]. Therefore, PSC emerges as a possible candidate for BIPV application.…”

Section: Commercial and Building Integration Confronts Of Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells for BIPV Application: A Review

et al. 2020

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The rapid efficiency enhancement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) make it a promising photovoltaic (PV) research, which has now drawn attention from industries and government organizations to invest for further development of PSC technology. PSC technology continuously develops into new and improved results. However, stability, toxicity, cost, material production and fabrication become the significant factors, which limits the expansion of PSCs. PSCs integration into a building in the form of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) is one of the most holistic approaches to exploit it as a next-generation PV technology. Integration of high efficiency and semi-transparent PSC in BIPV is still not a well-established area. The purpose of this review is to get an overview of the relative scope of PSCs integration in the BIPV sector. This review demonstrates the benevolence of PSCs by stimulating energy conversion and its perspective and gradual evolution in terms of photovoltaic applications to address the challenge of increasing energy demand and their environmental impacts for BIPV adaptation. Understanding the critical impact regarding the materials and devices established portfolio for PSC integration BIPV are also discussed. In addition to highlighting the apparent advantages of using PSCs in terms of their demand, perspective and the limitations, challenges, new strategies of modification and relative scopes are also addressed in this review.

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“…Moreover, the fire safety norms for PSC-based BIPV should also be evaluated [264,265]. Therefore, PSC emerges as a possible candidate for BIPV application.…”

Section: Commercial and Building Integration Confronts Of Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells for BIPV Application: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…wG" (16) This estimation follows the same steps of the KDE of the reference block TCs as in Eq. (12,13,14).…”

Section: Performance Monitoring Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to bill savings [10], RMPV systems contribute to lowering the demand for fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions [11], they also reduce the Levelized Cost Of Electricity (LCOE) and the dependency on the utility grid [12]. The RMPV modules and energy conversion units are frequently subject to faults which if remain undetected, they cause safety hazards [13] for the personnel and fire risk [14], [15]. Moreover, distribution companies are anxious about what is being injected into their grids since local malfunctions in the system cause serious problems in the grid side.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonparametric Kullback-divergence-PCA for intelligent mismatch detection and power quality monitoring in grid-connected rooftop PV

Bakdi

Bounoua

Mekhilef

et al. 2019

Energy

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In parallel to sustainable growth in solar fraction, continuous reductions in Photovoltaic (PV) module and installation costs fuelled a profound adoption of residential Rooftop Mounted PV (RMPV) installations already reaching grid parity. RMPVs are promoted for economic, social, and environmental factors where they not only improve energy performance and reduce greenhouse effects but also contribute to bill savings.RMPV modules and energy conversion units are frequently subject to various types of anomalies which compromise power quality and promote fire risk and safety hazards for the personnel for which reliable protection is crucial. This article analyses historical data and presents a novel design that easily integrates with data storage units of RMPV systems to automatically process real-time data streams for reliable supervision. Dominant Transformed Components (TCs) are online extracted through multiblock Principal Component Analysis (PCA), most sensitive components are selected and their time-varying characteristics are recursively estimated in a moving window using smooth Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). Novel monitoring indices are developed as preventive alarms using Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD). This work exploits data records during 2015-2017 from thin-film, monocrystalline, and polycrystalline RMPV energy conversion systems. Fourteen test scenarios include array faults (line-to-line, line-to-ground, transient arc faults); DC-side mismatches (shadings, open circuits); grid-side anomalies (voltage sags, frequency variations); in addition to inverter anomalies and sensor faults.

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“…Previous analysis of solar panel fire events indicated that the causes of fire can be divided into two types, i.e. arc fault and spontaneous combustion [5][6]. The main reasons of the arc failure include poor quality of PV modules, installation errors and DC arc ignition back board induced by junction and combiner boxes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review for Solar Panel Fire Accident Prevention in Large-Scale PV Applications

Wen

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Due to the wide applications of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, safe operation and maintenance of the installed solar panels become more critical as there are potential menaces such as hot spot effects and DC arcs, which may cause fire accidents to the solar panels. In order to minimize the risks of fire accidents in large scale applications of solar panels, this review focuses on the latest techniques for reducing hot spot effects and DC arcs. The risk mitigation solutions mainly focus on two aspects: structure reconfiguration and faulty diagnosis algorithm. The first is to reduce the hot spot effect by adjusting the space between two PV modules in a PV array or relocate some PV modules. The second is to detect the DC arc fault before it causes fire. There are three types of arc detection techniques, including physical analysis, neural network analysis, and wavelet detection analysis. Through these detection methods, the faulty PV cells can be found in a timely manner thereby reducing the risk of PV fire. Based on the review, some precautions to prevent solar panel related fire accidents in large-scale solar PV plants that are located adjacent to residential and commercial areas.

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The Fire Risk in Photovoltaic Installations - Test Protocols For Fire Behavior of PV Modules

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Perovskite Solar Cells for BIPV Application: A Review

Perovskite Solar Cells for BIPV Application: A Review

Nonparametric Kullback-divergence-PCA for intelligent mismatch detection and power quality monitoring in grid-connected rooftop PV

A Review for Solar Panel Fire Accident Prevention in Large-Scale PV Applications

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