The first Brazilian municipal initiative of payments for environmental services and its potential for soil conservation

Zolin, Cornélio Alberto; Folegatti, Marcos Vinícius; Mingoti, Rafael; Paulino, Janaína; Sanchéz-Román, Rodrigo Máximo; González, A. M.

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.006

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…They have numerous hydrological functions, such as water conservation, water regulation and flood mitigation, and water quality improvement [1][2][3]. Several ecological issues, such as frequent floods, soil erosion, and land desertification, are closely related to the degradation of forest ecosystems, thereby impeding the water conservation function of forests [4,5]. In forest ecosystems, precipitation is redistributed in the tree, shrub, grass, litter, and soil layers, resulting in soil water conservation, groundwater replenishment, reduced surface evaporation, and river runoff regulation [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Water Conservation Function of Different Forest Types in Northeastern China

et al. 2019

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Water conservation is an important function of forest ecosystems, but it is still unclear which forest types function best in this regard. We investigated the water conservation function indicators including the water-holding rate of branches and leaves (BL wr ), water-holding capacity of litter (L wc ), water absorption rate of litter (L wr ), soil infiltration rate (I r ), soil and water content (SWC), soil water storage (SWS), and soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation of five forest types (Larix gmelinii forests, Pinus koraiensis forests, Robinia pseudoacacia forests, Pinus tabulaeformis forests, and mixed forests) and evaluated them using the gray correlation method (GCM). The results indicate that the BLwr of five stands in the study area varied from 18.3% to 33.5%. The SWC and SWS of the R. pseudoacacia stand were 13.76% and 178.9 mm, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the other stands (p < 0.05). The SOM was similar for the R. pseudoacacia (0.23%), mixed forest (0.22%), and L. gmelinii (0.22%) sites. The BL wr , L wc , L wr , SWC, and SWS values of broad-leaved tree species were higher than those of the mixed species, followed by those for coniferous tree species. Soil infiltration rate followed the order L. gmelinii > P. koraiensis > mixed forest > P. tabulaeformis > R. pseudoacacia. Based on our results, the R. pseudoacacia stand had the highest water conservation ability, while the lowest performance was found for the P. tabuliformis site. This suggests that, in order to enhance the water conservation function of forests in northeastern China, the focus should be on the establishment of R. pseudoacacia forests.Sustainability 2019, 11, 4075 2 of 13 scale of small watersheds, albeit with complex calculations [16,17]. The Gray correlation method is widely used as a relatively simple and reliable analysis method [18]. The results of this method are accurate and can be used to analyze the development trend of a system. In addition, there is no requirement in terms of sample number, and a typical distribution law is not needed because the amount of calculations is relatively low [19][20][21].The mountainous area of Eastern Liaoning is a typical seasonal dry area in China. Precipitation is unevenly distributed (about 70% of precipitation occurs in June-September), with serious water shortage [22]. Against the background of a warming climate, these water shortages will be aggravated, restricting the water conservation function of vegetation in this area [22]. Only by adapting to this arid environment, plants can maintain their ecological benefits and functions. Larix gmelinii, Pinus koraiensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus tabulaeformis, and mixed forests are widely distributed in the eastern Liaoning Mountains [22]. After long-term natural selection and co-evolution, they have shown a strong ecological adaptability. However, we do not know which forest type has the highest water conservation capacity, making it necessary to compare these forests, incorporating global climate change data....

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Water Conservation Function of Different Forest Types in Northeastern China

et al. 2019

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“…The mean annual rainfall is 1,477 mm (ANA, 2008). The Posses sub-basin has over one hundred rural properties sustaining subsistence farming (Zolin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only station S2 ( Figure 3D) was used in this study. Ascough et al, 2015b). MPS is medium pore storage, and LPS is large pore storage.…”

Section: Data Input and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological modeling of the Ribeirão das Posses – An assessment based on the Agricultural Ecosystem Services (AgES) watershed model

et al. 2017

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Southeastern Brazil has recently experienced drought conditions that have impacted watershed conservation and the management of water quality and quantity for agricultural and urban demands. The Ribeirão das Posses watershed is being monitored as a headwater of the Jaguarí River, which is one of the contributing rivers of the Cantareira Reservoir Complex in the state of São Paulo. The landscape has changed over the last century from native forests to more homogeneous vegetation for pastures, crops and some forest plantations of eucalyptus, which have cumulative impacts on water yield and quality. Currently, the Projeto Conservador das Águas (Water Conservationist Project) has planted small areas with native species vegetation in order to recover degraded areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity of water in the Ribeirão das Posses Basin by both measurements and by simulating hydrological responses. The Agricultural Ecosystem Services (AgES) watershed model was applied to simulate water movement and storage among land areas. The simulation period was from 2009 to 2014, because the daily streamflow and meteorological data were available for model calibration and testing. We discuss data input requirements, model calibration to fit measured streamflow, and sensitivity to spatially variable rainfall inputs. The calibrated model may be used to estimate streamflow during periods of missing data, and in the future to estimate impacts of land use changes on stream water quantity and quality. Such information can be used in programs of payments for ecosystem services.Keywords: climate, ecosystem services, hydrology, water conservation, watershed model. Modelagem hidrológica do Ribeirão das Posses -Uma avaliação baseada no modelo Serviços Agrícolas Ecossistêmicos (AgES) da bacia RESUMOA recente estiagem no Sudeste do Brasil tem impactado a conservação de bacias hidrográficas e a gestão da qualidade e quantidade da água para as demandas agrícolas e urbanas. A Bacia do Ribeirão das Posses está sendo monitorada por ser uma bacia de cabeceira da Bacia do Rio Jaguari, importante contribuinte do Sistema Cantareira no estado de São Paulo. A paisagem foi alterada no século passado, a partir de florestas nativas para uma vegetação mais homogênea como pastos, campos agrícolas e florestas de eucalipto, que geram impactos cumulativos sobre a quantidade e qualidade da água. Atualmente, o Projeto Conservador das Águas tem restaurado pequenas áreas com vegetação nativa para a recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a quantidade da água na Bacia do Ribeirão das Posses usando dados observados e dados da simulação de respostas hidrológicas. O modelo de bacia "Serviço Agroecossistêmico" (AgES) é aplicado para simular a variação no armazenamento e movimento da água nas áreas terrestres. O período de simulação (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014) foi definido em função da disponibilidade dos dados de vazão e meteorológicos para calibrar e testar o modelo. Dados de entrada requisitad...

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“…Soil erodibility was obtained from Zolin et al (2014), rain erosivity was calculated using monthly precipitation data from the gauges in the watershed, using Lombardi Neto and Moldenhauer (1980) where R is the rain erosivity factor (MJ mm ha −1 year −1 ), r is monthly precipitation (mm), P is annual precipitation (mm). The 12 monthly erosivity values are summed to the annual erosivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

The impact of roads and sediment basins on simulated river discharge and sediment flux in an experimental catchment designed to improve ecosystem services

Saad

Silva

Rocha

2016

Preprint

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Payment of Environmental Services (PES) projects have grown our perception on the dependency of nature, yet the quantification and valuation of Environmental Services (ES) are key to evidence-base management. The modelling of the effect of deforestation in the water and sediment budgets of rural catchments usually prescribes baseline 5 scenarios with fully pristine vegetation. Such comparison however is hardly associated with the landscape conditions where observational data is collected to provide model calibration. For example, the existence of unpaved roads and small water retention basins (containments) are potential controls of runoff and erosion in small catchments. This work shows the impact of roads and barraginhas (small sediment retention basins 10 nearby the roads) on the water and sediment fluxes in a 12 km 2 catchment area in Extrema city, Brazil, which provides water for the Cantareira System's water reservoirs that supply about 50 % for the Sao Paulo megacity, and enrolled in the Water Producer Program (Water National Agency) as the first Brazilian PES project. Simulations with the InVEST model using high spatial resolution (5 m × 5 m) included the description of 15 unpaved roads and barraginhas. Calibration used river discharge and sediment flux estimated from water turbidity measurements. Sediment concentration was estimated both with the observation and simulations, and annual comparisons seemed reasonable for mean annual estimates. Unpaved roads produced sediment export 5 times higher compared to a scenario with no roads, and potentiated the effect of barrag-20 inhas on sediment reduction. This study showed the benefit from understanding effects of representation of the landscape particularities in modelling such as the roads, which apart from affecting calibration, are important issue for providing efficient modelling of the effect of the Best Management Practices in the landscape scale. We also demonstrated usefulness of our research methodology and its possible applications on 25 simulations of sediment concentration and streamflow in InVEST with few samples of observed data and thus quantify the impacts of land use change on hydrology in any other watershed.2 HESSD

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The first Brazilian municipal initiative of payments for environmental services and its potential for soil conservation

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of the Water Conservation Function of Different Forest Types in Northeastern China

Evaluation of the Water Conservation Function of Different Forest Types in Northeastern China

Hydrological modeling of the Ribeirão das Posses – An assessment based on the Agricultural Ecosystem Services (AgES) watershed model

The impact of roads and sediment basins on simulated river discharge and sediment flux in an experimental catchment designed to improve ecosystem services

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