The first evidence of shaking mink syndrome‐astrovirus associated encephalitis in farmed minks, China

Lu, Rongguang; Li, Shuang‐Shuang; Hu, Bo; Li, Hongye; Tian, Hong; Liu, Wei‐Quan; Yan, Xijun; Líu, Hao; Bai, Xiaoshuan

doi:10.1111/tbed.14693

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In the current study, we identified two zoonotic events resulting from independent introductions into the human population by different animal sources: MAstV-Sp6G2, which has been circulating in marmots and MAstV-Sp6G7, which emerged from the diversification of MAstV-Sp6G5 circulating in ruminants (bovine and sheep) ( Figure 3 ). A notable takeaway from our JANE analysis is the evidence for a host jump from MAstV-Sp6G5, present in and causing neurologic disease in minks [ 11 , 12 ] and cows [ 13 ], to the resulting MAstV-Sp6G7 in humans presenting with similar symptoms. Typically, viral species require both hosts to be in close proximity to one another to promote a jumping event, yet the prolonged stability of astroviruses in different environments (aquatic and terrestrial) provides a route to new hosts without them being physically in contact [ 9 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Astroviruses appear to be ubiquitous in other mammals, typically presenting with a subclinical course in older animals, but with clinical outcomes similar to that in humans in younger animals [ 3 ]. Recent studies have revealed the implications of Mamastrovirus infections for nervous system disease in three species, including mink [ 11 , 12 ], cattle [ 13 , 14 ] and humans [ 15–19 ]. These novel strains have been grouped into different clades classified as VA1/HMO-C, HMO and MLB [ 20 ], yet it remains uncertain whether they represent different mamastrovirus species or genotypes possessing altered tropism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and coevolutionary analyses reveal the events driving the emergence and circulation of human mamastroviruses

Pérez

Forberg

Cloherty

et al. 2023

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Characterized by high genetic diversity, broad host range, and resistance to adverse conditions, coupled with recent reports of neurotropic astroviruses circulating in humans, mamastroviruses pose a threat to public health. The current astrovirus classification system based on host source prevents determining whether strains with distinct tropism or virulence are emerging. By using integrated phylogeny, we propose a standardized demarcation of species and genotypes, with reproducible cut-off values that reconcile the pairwise sequence distribution, genetic distances between lineages, and the topological reconstruction of the Mamastrovirus genus. We further define the various links established by co-evolution and resolve the dynamics of transmission chains to identify host-jump events and the sources from which different mamastrovirus species circulating in humans have emerged. We observed that recombination is relatively infrequent and restricted to within genotypes. The well-known “human” astrovirus, defined here as mamastrovirus species 7, has co-speciated with humans, while there have been two additional host-jumps into humans from distinct hosts. Newly defined species 6 genotype 2, linked to severe gastroenteritis in children, resulted from a marmot to human jump taking place ∼200 years ago while species 6 genotype 7 (MastV-Sp6Gt7), linked to neurological disease in immunocompromised patients, jumped from bovines only ∼50 years ago. Through demographic reconstruction, we determined that the latter reached coalescent viral population growth only 20 years ago and is evolving at a much higher evolutionary rate than other genotypes infecting humans. This study constitutes mounting evidence of MastV-Sp6Gt7 active circulation and highlights the need for diagnostics capable of detecting it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and coevolutionary analyses reveal the events driving the emergence and circulation of human mamastroviruses

Pérez

Forberg

Cloherty

et al. 2023

Emerging Microbes & Infections

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Infected hosts present the main clinical features of gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs). However, astrovirus infection was also reported to be associated with extra-intestinal diseases, such as hepatitis and nephritis, in various species, including duck ( 22 , 23 ), goose ( 24 ), and mink ( 25 , 26 ). In humans, besides norovirus and rotavirus infections, astrovirus is considered to be an 10% of etiological agents associated with gastroenteritis in children globally ( 27 , 28 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of canine astrovirus in non-diarrhea dogs and diarrhea dogs in Vietnam and Thailand reveals the presence of a unique lineage

Nguyen,

Piewbang,

Techangamsuwan

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The role of canine astrovirus (CaAstV) in canine gastrointestinal disease (GID) is unknown. In this study, a total of 327 fecal swab (FS) samples were collected, including 113 FSs in Vietnam (46 samples from healthy dogs and 67 samples from GID dogs) and 214 FSs in Thailand (107 samples from healthy dogs and 107 samples from GID dogs). Overall, the prevalence of CaAstV in Vietnam and Thailand was 25.7% (29/113) and 8.9% (19/214), respectively. CaAstV was detected in both non-diarrhea dogs (21.7 and 7.5%) and diarrhea dogs (28.4% and 10.3%), respectively, in Vietnam and Thailand. In both countries, CaAstV was frequently detected in puppies under 6 months of age (23.3%) (p = 0.02). CaAstV-positive samples in Vietnam and Thailand were identified as co-infected with canine parvovirus, canine enteric coronavirus, canine distemper virus, and canine kobuvirus. The complete coding sequence of seven Vietnamese CaAstV and two Thai CaAstV strains were successfully characterized. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Vietnamese and Thai CaAstV strains were genetically close to each other and related to the Chinese strains. Furthermore, analysis of complete coding sequences indicated that the OR220030_G21/Thailand/2021 strain formed a unique lineage, whereas no recombination event was found in this study, suggesting that this strain might be an original lineage. In summary, this is the first study to report the presence of CaAstV in dogs with and without diarrhea in Vietnam and Thailand, and it was most often found in puppies with diarrhea. Our results highlight the importance of the CaAstV in dog populations and the need for continued surveillance of these emerging pathogens.

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Discovery of three novel neutralizing antibody epitopes on the human astrovirus capsid spike and mechanistic insights into virus neutralization

Lanning,

Aguilar-Hernández,

Serrão

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are a leading cause of viral childhood diarrhea that infect nearly every individual during their lifetime. Although human astroviruses are highly prevalent, no approved vaccine currently exists. Antibody responses appear to play an important role in protection from HAstV infection, however knowledge about the neutralizing epitope landscape is lacking, as only 3 neutralizing antibody epitopes have previously been determined. Here, we structurally define the epitopes of 3 uncharacterized HAstV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies: antibody 4B6 with X-ray crystallography to 2.67 Å, and antibodies 3H4 and 3B4 simultaneously with single-particle cryogenic-electron microscopy to 3.33 Å. We assess the epitope locations relative to conserved regions on the capsid spike and find that while antibodies 4B6 and 3B4 target the upper variable loop regions of the HAstV spike protein, antibody 3H4 targets a novel region near the base of the spike that is more conserved. Additionally, we found that all 3 antibodies bind with high affinity, and they compete with receptor FcRn binding to the capsid spike. These studies inform which regions of the HAstV capsid can be targeted by monoclonal antibody therapies and could aid in rational vaccine design.ImportanceHuman astroviruses infect nearly every child in the world, causing diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. Despite the prevalence of human astroviruses, little is known about how antibodies block virus infection. Here, we determined high-resolution structures of the astrovirus capsid protein in complex with three virus-neutralizing antibodies. The antibodies bind distinct sites on the capsid spike domain. We find that the antibodies block virus attachment to human cells and prevent capsid spike interaction with the human neonatal Fc receptor. These findings support the use of the human astrovirus capsid spike as an antigen in a vaccine to prevent astrovirus disease.

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The first evidence of shaking mink syndrome‐astrovirus associated encephalitis in farmed minks, China

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Temporal and coevolutionary analyses reveal the events driving the emergence and circulation of human mamastroviruses

Temporal and coevolutionary analyses reveal the events driving the emergence and circulation of human mamastroviruses

Genetic characterization of canine astrovirus in non-diarrhea dogs and diarrhea dogs in Vietnam and Thailand reveals the presence of a unique lineage

Discovery of three novel neutralizing antibody epitopes on the human astrovirus capsid spike and mechanistic insights into virus neutralization

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