The first measurements of hydrothermal heat output at 9°50′N, East Pacific Rise

Ramondenc, P.; Germanovich, L. N.; Damm, K. L. Von; Lowell, R. P.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.023

Cited by 84 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It seems highly likely that the Wallis and Futuna active areas combined with the 3 calderas to the East [114] have a heat flux of >10 GW. Vent fields on MOR have been reported to generate between 10 MW and 25 GW ( [116,117,127,128] and references therein) and the total hydrothermal heat flux at MORs is estimated to be about 1000 GW [129,130]. This suggests that the presently discovered area might be of significant importance in the global budget and that back-arc hydrothermal activity contributes as much as MOR systems, and, possibly more, to the global ocean chemistry and cycles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The surface of the diffusive areas was also assessed on the videos. However, because the velocity of diffusive fluids could not be estimated using Typhoon, we assumed hydrothermal waters are exiting the seafloor at the minimum velocity reported for low temperature flow (0.04 m s −1 ) [127]. The cumulative surface of diffusive areas with a typical temperature of 10 ∘ C reached 100 m 2 at Kulo Lasi and 2885 m 2 at Fatu Kapa.…”

Section: Estimation Based On Videomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic, Gas, and Element Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids of the Newly Discovered Extensive Hydrothermal Area in the Wallis and Futuna Region (SW Pacific)

et al. 2018

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Two newly discovered hydrothermal vent fields of the Wallis and Futuna region, Kulo Lasi and Fatu Kapa, were sampled for fluid geochemistry. A great geochemical diversity was observed and assigned to the diversity of lithologies as well as the occurrence of various processes. Kulo Lasi fluids likely formed by interaction with fresh volcanic rocks, phase separation, and mixing with magmatic fluid. Conversely, the geochemistry of the Fatu Kapa fluids would be mostly due to water/felsic lavas reactions. In terms of organic geochemistry, fluids from both fields were found to be enriched in formate, acetate, and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs): n-alkanes, n-fatty acids, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Concentrations of SVOCs reached a few ppb at most. The distribution patterns of SVOCs indicated that several processes and sources, at once of biogenic, thermogenic, and abiogenic types, likely controlled organic geochemistry. Although the contribution of each process remains unknown, the mere presence of organics at the M level has strong implications for metal dispersion (cycles), deposition (ore-forming), and bioavailability (ecosystems), especially as our fluxes estimations suggest that back-arc hosted vent fields could contribute as much as MOR to the global ocean heat and mass budget.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Estimation Based On Videomentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic, Gas, and Element Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids of the Newly Discovered Extensive Hydrothermal Area in the Wallis and Futuna Region (SW Pacific)

et al. 2018

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“…The width across-axis is typically 0.5 -4 km [Collier and Sinha, 1990;Kent et al, 1990;Singh et al, 2006] and the vent field along-axis 21 spaces 1-3 km [Gente et al, 1986;Kelley et al, 2002]. Measurements of hydrothermal heat output show that it ranges between approximately 50 and 500 MW [Lowell and Germanovich, 2004;Ramondenc et al, 2006;Baker, 2007].…”

Section: System Geometry Boundary and Initial Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of two-phase hydrothermal systems to changing magmatic heat input at mid-ocean ridges

Choi

Lowell

2015

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Hydrothermal processes at oceanic spreading centers are largely influenced by changing magmatic heat input. I use the NaCl-H 2 O FISHES code to investigate the evolution of surface temperature and salinity as a function of time-varying heat flux at the base of a two-phase, vaporbrine hydrothermal system. I consider a two-dimensional rectangular box that is 1.5 km deep and 4 km long with homogeneous permeability of 10 -13 m 2 . Temperature and pressure at top boundary correspond to seafloor conditions of 10C, 25MPa respectively. Impermeable,

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“…Assuming a melt lens with dimensions similar to the 9°50′N AMC (h = 50 m, w = 350 m), a latent heat of crystallization of 500 kJ/kg, an average density of 2700 kg/m 3 , and a hydrothermal power output of 160 MW per km along the ridge [Ramondenc et al, 2006], complete crystallization of the AMC would occur within ∼4.6 years. Therefore, melt replenishment of the AMC would have been required to prevent the melt lens from completely freezing during the repose period (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005).…”

Section: Short-term Small-scale Magmatic Processes At Fast Spreading Mormentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of lavas from the 2005–2006 eruption at the East Pacific Rise, 9°46′N–9°56′N: Implications for ridge crest plumbing and decadal changes in magma chamber compositions

Goss

Perfit

Ridley

et al. 2010

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

121

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[1] Detailed mapping, sampling, and geochemical analyses of lava flows erupted from an ∼18 km long section of the northern East Pacific Rise (EPR) from 9°46′N to 9°56′N during 2005-2006 provide unique data pertaining to the short-term thermochemical changes in a mid-ocean ridge magmatic system. mantle source over the spatial extent of the eruption and petrogenetic processes (e.g., fractional crystallization and magma mixing) operating within the crystal mush zone and axial magma chamber (AMC) before and during the 13 year repose period. Geochemical modeling suggests that the 2005-2006 lavas represent differentiated residual liquids from the 1991-1992 eruption that were modified by melts added from deeper within the crust and that the eruption was not initiated by the injection of hotter, more primitive basalt directly into the AMC. Rather, the eruption was driven by AMC pressurization from persistent or episodic addition of more evolved magma from the crystal mush zone into the overlying subridge AMC during the period between the two eruptions. Heat balance calculations of a hydrothermally cooled AMC support this model and show that continual addition of melt from the mush zone was required to maintain a sizable AMC over this time interval.

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The first measurements of hydrothermal heat output at 9°50′N, East Pacific Rise

Cited by 84 publications

References 42 publications

Organic, Gas, and Element Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids of the Newly Discovered Extensive Hydrothermal Area in the Wallis and Futuna Region (SW Pacific)

Organic, Gas, and Element Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids of the Newly Discovered Extensive Hydrothermal Area in the Wallis and Futuna Region (SW Pacific)

The response of two-phase hydrothermal systems to changing magmatic heat input at mid-ocean ridges

Geochemistry of lavas from the 2005–2006 eruption at the East Pacific Rise, 9°46′N–9°56′N: Implications for ridge crest plumbing and decadal changes in magma chamber compositions

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