The First Organismal Concept for an Extinct Species of Pinaceae:<i>Pinus arnoldii</i>Miller

Klymiuk, Ashley A.; Stockey, Ruth A.; Rothwell, Gar W.

doi:10.1086/657649

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the present study, roughly two-thirds of the morphological characters analysed are vegetative, embryological, or from pollen cones. With the exception of Pinus arnoldii, these characters are unknown for the Pinaceae fossil taxa that have been the focus of phylogenetic analyses (e.g., Stockey 2001, 2002;Gernandt et al 2008;Klymiuk et al 2011;. A substantial number of anatomical and embryological characters are scored as missing data for most living taxa.…”

Section: Relationships Among Extant Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Pinus L. arguably represent the oldest records for extant genera (Alvin 1960;Klymiuk and Stockey 2012;. Pinus arnoldii Klymiuk, Stockey et Rothwell from the Eocene of British Columbia is the only extinct species of Pinaceae with a morphological concept based on a whole-plant reconstruction (Klymiuk et al 2011). Fossils of Pinaceae are first recognized from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, and like living species are geographically restricted to the Northern Hemisphere (except one extant pine with an equatorial distribution), suggesting that the family evolved in Laurasia after its separation from Gondwana in the Early Jurassic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetics of extant and fossil Pinaceae: methods for increasing topological stability

Gernandt

Holman

Campbell

et al. 2016

Botany

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Abstract:Relationships of living and fossil Pinaceae were inferred using parsimony and Bayesian inference of morphological characters and plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. When considering extant taxa only, adding molecular to morphological characters resulted in markedly increased resolution and branch support compared with analysis of morphology alone. Including 45 fossil taxa resulted in drastically decreased resolution in morphology-based consensus trees. We evaluated the effect on branch support and resolution of including DNA sequences, deleting fossils lacking information for cone scale apices and seeds, using reduced consensus methods, and using implied weighting, and found that the greatest improvements were found by including DNA sequences and using implied weighting. The tree topologies from parsimony and Bayesian inference confirm previous findings that the fossil genus Pseudoaraucaria and a few species of Pityostrobus from the Lower Cretaceous are related to abietoid genera, and that other species of Pityostrobus are pinoid and closely related to Pinus. Focusing phylogenetic analyses on the most complete fossil cones, specifically those that are anatomically preserved and include both cone scale apices and seeds, and taking into account homoplasy, resulted in the clearest hypotheses for the timing and sequence of diversification in the family.Key words: fossil, morphology, phylogenetics, Pinaceae, PHYP.Résumé : Les relations qui existent entre les Pinaceae vivants et fossiles ont été déduites par la parcimonie et l'inférence Bayésienne des traits morphologiques et des séquences d'ADN plastidique et nucléaire. En considérant les taxons encore existants seulement, l'ajout de traits moléculaires aux traits morphologiques résultait en un accroissement marqué de la résolution et du support des branches comparativement à l'analyse de la morphologie seule. L'inclusion de 45 taxons fossiles résultait en une résolution fortement diminuée dans les arbres consensuels basés sur la morphologie. Les auteurs ont évalué l'effet d'inclure les séquences d'ADN sur le support des branches et la résolution, en supprimant les fossiles pour lesquels l'information sur les apex des écailles des cônes et des graines était manquante, en utilisant des méthodes de consensus réduites, et en utilisant une pondération implicite, et ils ont trouvé que les plus grandes améliorations étaient obtenues en incluant les séquences d'ADN et en utilisant la pondération implicite. Les topologies des arbres à partir de la parcimonie et de l'inférence Bayési-enne confirment les résultats précédents voulant que les fossiles du genre Pseudoaraucaria et quelques espèces de Pityostrobus du Crétacée inférieur soient apparentés au genre abiétoïde et que les autres espèces de Pityostrobus soient pinoïdes et étroitement apparentées aux Pinus. En concentrant les analyses phylogénétiques sur les cônes fossiles les plus complets, spécifiquement ceux qui sont anatomiquement préservés et qui comprennent les apex des écailles des cônes et les graines, et e...

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Section: Relationships Among Extant Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetics of extant and fossil Pinaceae: methods for increasing topological stability

Gernandt

Holman

Campbell

et al. 2016

Botany

Self Cite

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“…This has rarely proved possible for most other pinaceous cones of similar age that are known mainly from permineralized material. One exception is the permineralized seed cone of Pinus arnoldii Miller from the Middle Eocene of North America (Klymiuk et al 2011). The morphology and morphological variation of P. farjonii and P. stockeyae are also better understood than in the permineralized seed cones that have so far provided the bulk of useful information on early Pinaceae (e.g., Alvin 1953;Creber 1960, Miller 1970, 1976b, Stockey 1981Stockey 2001, 2002;Klymiuk and Stockey 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New fossil Pinaceae from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia

Herrera

Leslie

Shi

et al. 2016

Botany

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Exceptionally well-preserved pinaceous leaves and seed cones are abundant in unconsolidated Early Cretaceous lignites in central Mongolia. These fossils include two seed cones, both of which have helically arranged bract-scale complexes with two winged seeds on the adaxial surface. The larger of the two seed cones, described as Picea farjonii sp. nov., is cylindrical to ellipsoidal, and was borne terminally on a stout shoot. The bract is small and tridentate. Leaf bases on the shoots are helically arranged, and attached leaves are linear and flattened. In all of the morphological and anatomical features that are preserved, P. farjonii is very similar to extant Picea. The smaller seed cone, described as Pityostrobus stockeyae sp. nov., shows features of several genera of extant Pinaceae. This cone is ellipsoidal and was borne terminally on a long, slender shoot. The bract is thin and triangular proximally, but the distal portion is thicker, needle-like, and deciduous. Picea farjonii and Pityostrobus stockeyae were abundant in conifer-dominated swamps in Mongolia during the Aptian-Albian and provide further support for the importance of plants related to extant Pinaceae in the vegetation of the Northern Hemisphere at this time.Key words: Aptian, Albian, evolution, morphology, Picea, Pityostrobus.Résumé : Des feuilles et des cônes de pinacées exceptionnellement bien préservés sont abondants dans les lignites non consolidés du Crétacé précoce de la Mongolie centrale. Ces fossiles comprennent deux cônes qui possèdent tous deux des complexes bractées-écailles arrangés en hélice et deux graines ailées à la surface adaxiale. Le plus grand des deux cônes, décrit comme étant Picea farjonii sp. nov., est de forme cylindrique à ellipsoïde et il est porté de manière terminale par une pousse robuste. La bractée est petite et tridentée. Les bases des feuilles sur les pousses sont arrangées en hélice et les feuilles attachées sont linéaires et aplaties. Sur le plan de toutes les caractéristiques morphologiques et anatomiques préservées, P. farjonii est très similaires aux Picea toujours existants. Le cône le plus petit, décrit comme étant Pityostrobus stockeyae sp. nov., présente des caractéristiques de plusieurs genres de Pinaceae toujours existantes. Ce cône est ellipsoïde et il est porté de manière terminale par une pousse longue et mince. La bractée est mince et de forme triangulaire en sa partie proximale, mais la portion distale est plus épaisse, en forme d'aiguille et décidue. Picea farjonii et Pityostrobus stockeyae étaient abondants dans les marais dominés par les conifères en Mongolie durant l'Aptien-Albien et leur présence appuie plus avant l'importance des végétaux reliés aux Pinaceae toujours existantes dans la végétation de l'hémisphère Nord à cette époque. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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“…Cones of Pinus arnoldii Miller are conical with protruding umbos (Miller, 1973;Stockey, 1984;Klymiuk et al, 2011), which is different from the new cone. Pinus parabrevis Kilpper also has sunken umbos, but its seed cones are asymmetrical and ovoid in shape (Mai, 1986).…”

Section: Comparison With Fossil Species Of Pinusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence of Pinus massoniana Lambert (Pinaceae) from the upper Miocene of Yunnan, SW China and its implications for paleogeography and paleoclimate

Zhang

D'Rozario²,

Adams

et al. 2015

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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The First Organismal Concept for an Extinct Species of Pinaceae:Pinus arnoldiiMiller

Cited by 28 publications

References 38 publications

Phylogenetics of extant and fossil Pinaceae: methods for increasing topological stability

Phylogenetics of extant and fossil Pinaceae: methods for increasing topological stability

New fossil Pinaceae from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia

The occurrence of Pinus massoniana Lambert (Pinaceae) from the upper Miocene of Yunnan, SW China and its implications for paleogeography and paleoclimate

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