The First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus on Gerbera and Chrysanthemun in Venezuela

Abstract

Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) and Chrysanthemum (family Asteraceae) are two of the top 10 cut flowers of the world, with great commercial value. Since 1998, Venezuela began a floral industry to produce and export fresh cut gerbera and chrysanthemum, with 40% of nurseries concentrated in Altos Mirandinos (Miranda State, north central region of the country). For the past 2 years, greenhouse-grown gerbera and chrysanthemum have been observed displaying symptoms resembling those associated with tospoviruses. Symptomatic plants showed concentric rings, irregular chlorotic blotches, and deformation on leaves. Disease incidence was estimated at 30%. Mechanical inoculation with extracts of symptomatic leaves reproduced the typical concentric ring symptoms on indicator plants Arachis hypogaea L. cv. San Martín, Capsicum chinense, and G. jamesonii 6 to 15 days after inoculation. In initial tests, leaves from each 30 symptomatic gerbera and chrysanthemum species from several greenhouse facilities in Altos Mirandinos reacted positively when tested by DAS-ELISA with polyclonal antisera (ATCC, Rockville, MD) raised against Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Total RNA was extracted with the RNeasy Plant Mini kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) from two gerbera and two chrysanthemum ELISA-positive samples. The TSWV coat protein gene was amplified by conventional reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers CP1 TSWV (TTAACTTACAGCTGCTTT) and CP2 TSWV (CAAAGCATATAAGAACTT) (1). A single DNA product of ~823 bp was amplified from all samples. RT-PCR products were directly sequenced in both orientations and sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KF146700 and KF146701 derived from chrysanthemum, KF146702 and KF146703 derived from gerbera). The resulting sequences showed over 99% identity with each other. and were found to be closely related (over 99%) with TSWV isolates deposited in GenBank originating from different hosts from France (FR693058, FR693055), Montenegro (GU339506, GU339508, GU355940), Italy (HQ830187), New Zealand (KC494501), South Korea (KC261967), and the United States (AY744476). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of TSWV infecting gerbera and chrysanthemum in Venezuela. The relatively widespread occurrence of TSWV in Miranda State underscores the need for systematic surveys to assess its incidence and impact on ornamental crops so that appropriate management tactics can be developed. Reference: (1) R. A. Mumford et al. J. Virol. Methods 57:109, 1996.

First detection of tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato in Venezuela

“…BLAST analysis of the consensus sequence of the N gene of this isolate (MF806380) revealed a sequence identity of 97-99% with known TSWV isolates. TSWV natural occurrence in pepper and ornamental crops has been previously reported from Venezuela (Marys et al 2014;Pérez-Colmenarez et al 2015); however it should be noted that this is the first report of TSWV from tomato in Venezuela. Presence of TSWV has important implications for the complex phytosanitary situation of the tomato crops, as the virus could be coinfecting this crop together with begomoviruses present in the country with a significant impact on production.…”

Complete Genome Sequence of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus , a South Korean Isolate from Gerbera jamesonii

“…TSWV is widely distributed worldwide and is known to have a wide host range. TSWV infecting gerbera has been reported in Serbia and Venezuela ( 1 , 2 ). In August 2019, symptoms suggestive of viral infection, such as leaf distortion and ring spot symptoms, were observed on gerbera plants in a greenhouse in Gumi, South Korea.…”

A global invasion by the thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis: Current virus vector status and its management

“…In the Dominican Republic, TSWV transmitted by F. occidentalis was found to be widely distributed in commercial peppers and tomatoes growing under protected greenhouse conditions (Martínez et al ., ). In South America, tomato, pepper, and lettuce crops infected by TSWV were reported from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela causing a significant threat to the vegetable industry (Maluf et al ., ; Gracia et al ., ; EPPO, ; Lebas & Ochoa‐Corona, ; Rosales et al ., ; Marys et al ., ; Pérez‐Colmenares et al ., ).…”