The Fishes of the Galápagos Islands

McCosker, John E.; Grove, Jack S.; Lavenberg, Robert J.

doi:10.2307/1447822

Cited by 36 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Crossing of the eastern Pacific Barrier, the widest tract of tropical ocean without stepping stones, is occasionally observed. A number of Central Pacific reef fish species have recently been reported in the Galápagos Islands and Clipperton Atoll, usually associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation event (Merlen 1988, McCosker & Humann 1996, Robertson & Allen 1996, Grove & Lavenberg 1997). This phenomenon is not limited to fishes: Lessios et al (1996Lessios et al ( , 1998 have documented the recent invasion of the western Pacific sea urchin Echinothrix diadema at several sites in the eastern Pacific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endemism and the pelagic larval duration of reef fishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Victor¹,

Wellington²

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

110

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We examined the relationship between pelagic larval duration (PLD) and species range for the wrasses and damselfishes of the eastern Pacific Ocean. This region and these species are particularly appropriate for this analysis, since there is huge variation in the biogeographic range among these reef fishes, from endemics to islands a few kilometers in diameter to pan-Indo-Pacific ranges of 25 000 km or more. Furthermore, this variation in range occurs between pairs of congeners. We found no correlation between the mean (or maximum) PLDs measured from daily otolith increments and biogeographic range, for either family of reef fishes, and even after restricting the analysis to species with sample sizes over 50 individuals. A pairwise comparison of congeners showed, if anything, a significant inverse relationship between larval duration and range. The correlation between mean PLD and maximum PLD was very strong, even for large sample sizes (r = 0.987), indicating that mean PLD may be a good proxy measure for maximum PLD. We conclude that, at least within this region and within the limitations of this technique, larval duration appears not to determine species range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…obs. ), T. purpureum to Galápa-gos, Cocos, Panamá and Clipperton (Randall 1995, McCosker & Humann 1996, T. virens to Baja California (authors' pers. obs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemism and the pelagic larval duration of reef fishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Victor¹,

Wellington²

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

110

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“…In the Galápagos, major oceanographic zones have been identified, dividing the Archipelago into 5 ecological zones, with tropical regions in the north, and areas subjected to seasonal upwellings in the west (Glynn and Wellington 1983). Yet, significant temperature changes within these zones do occur both seasonally (summer and winter seasons) and at larger scales (El Nino-La Nina southern Oscillatory events, ENsOs), influencing the local distribution of fishes (Grove 1984, Mccosker 1987. These changes, in turn, are a likely source of vast contractions and expansions of fish populations, as exemplified in an extreme example by the extinction of the endemic Galápagos damsel, Azurina eupalama Heller and snodgrass 1903, which apparently disappeared after the 1982-1983 ENsO event (Grove andLavenberg 1997, Mccosker androsenblatt 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The archipelago supports a diverse marine fish fauna primarily of Panamic affinity (Grove andLavenberg 1997, Mccosker androsenblatt 2010), with approximately 75 species being endemic (Mccosker and rosenblatt 1984, Allen and robertson 1994, Grove and Lavenberg 1997, Humann and DeLoach 2003. In addition, 20 species are semiendemic or "insular," with distributions mainly centered on the Galápagos Islands, but with adjacent populations found on the islands of cocos (costa rica), and Malpelo (colombia) (Mccosker and rosenblatt 1975, 1984, Garrison 2005 (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Darwin's fishes: phylogeography of Galápagos Islands reef fishes

Bernardi

Ramon²,

Alva‐Campbell³

et al. 2014

BMS

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AbstrAct.-Working in the Galápagos Islands and surrounding areas, we examined the relationship between population structure, a precursor to allopatric speciation, in species of reef fishes that exhibit different life history traits and three types of distributions in a nested setting: endemic (restricted to the Galápagos Islands), insular (Galápagos and neighboring islands), and Panamic (tropical eastern Pacific). We used a combination of population structure and coalescent approaches to assess the degree of genetic population structure in the three groups of fish species. In addition, we evaluated the level of inter-island genetic diversity in endemic species to determine if Galápagos fishes, like their terrestrial counterparts, could be used as a system to study allopatric speciation in the sea. We found that in general, there was no correlation between distribution ranges, life history traits, and population structure, except for Dialommus fuscus Gilbert, 1891, a Galápagos endemic that lives in the uppermost intertidal area, and as predicted, shows very strong population structure. We found the highest number of statistically significant population pairwise F st comparisons in endemic species. In addition, three out of four endemic species showed significant population pairwise F st [D. fuscus, Lepidonectes corallicola (Kendall and radcliffe, 1912), and Lythrypnus gilbert (Heller and snodgrass, 1903)]. These results suggest that endemic Galápagos Islands reef fishes may be a promising group of species to study phylogeographic patterns of speciation. "The (Galápagos) archipelago does not appear to offer a good laboratory for researching the impact of isolation, because the barren islands do not harbor many isolated fish pools. "David starr Jordan (in a letter to robert Evans snodgrass, 1898)

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“…Baldwin and McCosker (2001) noted that the Cocos male shared most of the diagnostic features of H. raisneri, but did not designate the specimen as type material since it was captured at a distant location and was a male while the types were females. In the most recent review of Galápagos fishes by McCosker and Rosenblatt (2010), the range of H. raisneri has been extended to Cocos and Malpelo Island based on the male of Bussing and Lopez (2005), as well as underwater video showing wrasses with the characteristic markings of H. raisneri occurring in deep water off all three islands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rediscovery of <i>Sagittalarva inornata</i> n. gen., n. comb. (Gilbert, 1890) (Perciformes: Labridae), a long-lost deepwater fish from the eastern Pacific Ocean: a case study of a forensic approach to taxonomy using DNA barcoding

Victor

Alfaro²,

Sorenson³

2013

Zootaxa

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Some of the more valuable contributions of a standardized DNA sequence database (the DNA barcode) are matching specimens of different life stages and confirming the species identity of individuals from distant locations. These applications can facilitate the detective work required to solve difficult taxonomic problems. In this case, a match was made between the COI mtDNA sequence of an adult male wrasse recently caught at the tip of Baja California in Mexico in deep water (30-100m) and sequences from a series of unusual larvae collected about 3500 km to the south, in the open ocean over the Galápagos Rift hydrothermal vents in 1985. The Baja adults fit the recent description of Halichoeres raisneri Baldwin & McCosker, 2001 from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. However, another deepwater labrid is known from the same site and depth in Baja; it is the type locality for the century-old holotype and only specimen of the Cape Wrasse Pseudojulis inornatus Gilbert, 1890 (later as Pseudojuloides inornatus). Deepwater video images from the tip of Baja show wrasses identical to H. raisneri photographed in Galápagos but who also fit the description of Pseudojulis inornatus. This coincidence led to a closer investigation of the holotype with x-ray, which revealed unanticipated caniniform teeth (vs. incisiform in Pseudojuloides) and an error in the fin-ray count in the original description, both of which mistakenly separated Halichoeres raisneri. The two species now match in markings, meristics, and morphology as well as overlapping range and are therefore synonymized. Phenetic and phylogenetic trees using mtDNA and nuclear DNA sequences show the species is not close to any other lineage and does not group with the other julidine labrids of the New World or the Pseudojuloides or Halichoeres of the Indo-Pacific. The distinctive larval morphology, long, thin, and flattened with a sharply pointed black-tipped snout, resembles no other described labrid larvae and, without an available genus, the new genus Sagittalarva Victor, n. gen. and the new combination Sagittalarva inornata (Gilbert, 1890), n. gen., n. comb. are described.

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The Fishes of the Galápagos Islands

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Endemism and the pelagic larval duration of reef fishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Endemism and the pelagic larval duration of reef fishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Darwin's fishes: phylogeography of Galápagos Islands reef fishes

Rediscovery of <i>Sagittalarva inornata</i> n. gen., n. comb. (Gilbert, 1890) (Perciformes: Labridae), a long-lost deepwater fish from the eastern Pacific Ocean: a case study of a forensic approach to taxonomy using DNA barcoding

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