The fission yeast Map4 protein is a novel adhesin required for mating

Sharifmoghadam, Mirza Mohammad Reza; Bustos-Sanmamed, Pilar; Valdivieso, M.‐Henar

doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.07.016

Cited by 21 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the suggestion of a link to flocculation led us to investigate this possibility and to find that adhesion is specifically blocked by high concentrations of galactose, which also block flocculation in S. pombe (16,31). This suggests a role for galactose-binding adhesin proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Genomics of Adhesion, Invasion, and Mycelial Formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

et al. 2009

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Investigation into the switch between single-celled and filamentous forms of fungi may provide insights into cell polarity, differentiation, and fungal pathogenicity. At the molecular level, much of this investigation has fallen on two closely related budding yeasts, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recently, the much more distant fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was shown to form invasive filaments after nitrogen limitation (E. Amoah-Buahin, N. Bone, and J. Armstrong, Eukaryot. Cell 4:1287-1297, 2005) and this genetically tractable organism provides an alternative system for the study of dimorphic growth. Here we describe a second mode of mycelial formation of S. pombe, on rich media. Screening of an S. pombe haploid deletion library identified 12 genes required for mycelial development which encode potential transcription factors, orthologues of S. cerevisiae Sec14p and Tlg2p, and the formin For3, among others. These were further grouped into two phenotypic classes representing different stages of the process. We show that galactose-dependent cell adhesion and actin assembly are both required for mycelial formation and mutants lacking a range of genes controlling cell polarity all produce mycelia but with radically altered morphology.Many fungi are capable of growth either as single-celled yeasts or in a variety of multicellular and invasive forms. The ability to switch between these forms may be related to the ability to undertake different phases of infection (28). Thus, the study of this switching process may provide not only an understanding of a basic process of eukaryotic differentiation but also an insight into mechanisms of pathogenicity.The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is well established as a model eukaryote to study the cell cycle and control of polarized growth. It had widely been considered to exist only in a single-celled form. However, we discovered that under conditions of nitrogen limitation, S. pombe can form elaborate branched multicellular structures which deeply invade the growth medium, for which the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway is required (2). Subsequently, it was shown that, as in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a putative ammonium transporter is also required, presumably to sense the nitrogen concentration (18). In contrast to budding yeasts (25), invasion appeared to occur only within a very narrow range of conditions (2).Here we describe a second form of invasive growth by S. pombe which occurs on rich media. This allowed us to devise a simple screening of a collection of approximately 2,600 haploid deletion mutants for strains unable to invade the medium. This identified 12 genes associated with a range of functions, including transcriptional regulation, membrane trafficking, and control of actin assembly. Their roles in the invasion process could be further ordered into phases of adhesion to the surface and subsequent invasion of the medium. We investigated the role of specific sugars in this adhesion process and of the actin cytoskeleton in the fo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Genomics of Adhesion, Invasion, and Mycelial Formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

et al. 2009

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“…To confirm this hypothesis, a soluble GFP expressed under the control of map4 + was introduced in the wild-type and prm1D homothallic strains. The map4 + gene is mating-type specific, such that it is expressed only in h + cells (Mata and Bahler 2006;Sharifmoghadam et al 2006). Thus, if cell fusion had taken place, the green fluorescence would have been observed throughout the whole zygote body, whereas if fusion had been defective, only half of the zygote would have exhibited fluorescence.…”

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“…Genome-wide analyses performed using nitrogen starvation and pheromone treatments have been used to analyze gene expression under mating conditions (Mata et al 2002;Mata and Bahler 2006). Study of some previously uncharacterized genes whose expression was induced in response to mating conditions led to the characterization of the h + -specific agglutinin map4 + (Yamamoto et al 1997;Mata and Bahler 2006;Sharifmoghadam et al 2006), and dni1 + and dni2 + , two members of the Fig1-related family of fungal claudin-like proteins (Clemente-Ramos et al 2009). dni1D and dni2D mutants exhibit a temperature-sensitive cell fusion defect due to a lack of coordination between membrane organization and cell-wall remodeling at the cell-cell contact region (Clemente-Ramos et al 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Membrane Organization and Cell Fusion During Mating in Fission Yeast Requires Multipass Membrane Protein Prm1

et al. 2014

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The involvement of Schizosaccharomyces pombe prm1 + in cell fusion during mating and its relationship with other genes required for this process have been addressed. S. pombe prm1D mutant exhibits an almost complete blockade in cell fusion and an abnormal distribution of the plasma membrane and cell wall in the area of cell-cell interaction. The distribution of cellular envelopes is similar to that described for mutants devoid of the Fig1-related claudin-like Dni proteins; however, prm1 + and the dni + genes act in different subpathways. Time-lapse analyses show that in the wild-type S. pombe strain, the distribution of phosphatidylserine in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane undergoes some modification before an opening is observed in the cross wall at the cellcell contact region. In the prm1D mutant, this membrane modification does not take place, and the cross wall between the mating partners is not extensively degraded; plasma membrane forms invaginations and fingers that sometimes collapse/retract and that are sometimes strengthened by the synthesis of cell-wall material. Neither prm1D nor prm1D dniD zygotes lyse after cell-cell contact in medium containing and lacking calcium. Response to drugs that inhibit lipid synthesis or interfere with lipids is different in wild-type, prm1D, and dni1D strains, suggesting that membrane structure/organization/dynamics is different in all these strains and that Prm1p and the Dni proteins exert some functions required to guarantee correct membrane organization that are critical for cell fusion. M EMBRANE fusion is essential for several developmental processes. The characterization of mating in yeasts represents a useful tool for understanding the mechanisms involved in intercellular membrane merger and their regulation. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, heterothallic cells belong to one of two mating types, M (h 2 cells) or P (h + cells) while h 90 strains are homothallic (Arcangioli and Thon 2004). In rich medium, h + and h 2 cells can proliferate actively together without mating. When nitrogen becomes scarce the cAMP level decreases, which triggers the expression of genes required for sexual differentiation. Cells arrest in G1 and polarize, giving rise to specialized cells termed shmoos (Yamamoto et al. 1997;Davey 1998;Nielsen 2004;Yamamoto 2004). After agglutination, the cross wall separating both parental cells is degraded, allowing cell fusion. Efficient cell fusion requires the correct organization of the cytoskeleton (Petersen et al. 1995(Petersen et al. , 1998aKurahashi et al. 2002;Doyle et al. 2009). The S. cerevisiae FUS1 and the S. pombe fus1 + genes have the same name and both mutants exhibit cell fusion defects during mating, leading to an accumulation of prezygotes (mating intermediates in which the mating partners have established a stable contact but have not yet fused). However, the corresponding proteins are not related; while Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fus1p is a membrane protein (Trueheart et al. 1987), S. pombe Fus1p ...

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“…Sexual flocculation is the result of specific recognition of cell surface proteins called "adhesion molecules" from one mating type by sugar molecules or amino acid residues on the surface of the opposite mating cell type (5). Several mating type-specific adhesins from fission yeast have been described (6,7). Adhesin genes are not constitutively expressed and are subjected to tight transcriptional regulation (8).…”

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Reduction of Ribosome Level Triggers Flocculation of Fission Yeast Cells

Sun

et al. 2013

Eukaryot Cell

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Deletion of ribosomal protein L32 genes resulted in a nonsexual flocculation of fission yeast. Nonsexual flocculation also occurred when two other ribosomal protein genes, rpl21-2 and rpl9-2, were deleted. However, deletion of two nonribosomal protein genes, mpg and fbp, did not cause flocculation. Overall transcript levels of rpl32 in rpl32-1⌬ and rpl32-2⌬ cells were reduced by 35.9% and 46.9%, respectively, and overall ribosome levels in rpl32-1⌬ and rpl32-2⌬ cells dropped 31.1% and 27.8%, respectively, compared to wild-type cells. Interestingly, ribosome protein expression levels and ribosome levels were also reduced greatly in sexually flocculating diploid YHL6381/WT (h ؉ /h ؊ ) cells compared to a mixture of YHL6381 (h ؉ ) and WT (h ؊ ) nonflocculating haploid cells. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the reduction of ribosomal levels in sexual flocculating cells was caused by more-extensive suppression of ribosomal biosynthesis gene expression, while the reduction of ribosomal levels caused by deleting ribosomal protein genes in nonsexual flocculating cells was due to an imbalance between ribosomal proteins. We propose that once the reduction of ribosomal levels is below a certain threshold value, flocculation is triggered.

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The fission yeast Map4 protein is a novel adhesin required for mating

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Functional Genomics of Adhesion, Invasion, and Mycelial Formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Functional Genomics of Adhesion, Invasion, and Mycelial Formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Membrane Organization and Cell Fusion During Mating in Fission Yeast Requires Multipass Membrane Protein Prm1

Reduction of Ribosome Level Triggers Flocculation of Fission Yeast Cells

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