The Fixation of Radionuclides From Atmospheric Fallout in Peat-Bog Sphagnum Sp., Polytrichum, and Myriophyllum

Bovard, P.; Grauby, A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-012122-2.50065-7

Cited by 5 publications

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“…In this way, they accumulate most of the contaminants, especially heavy metals and radionuclides. In the early 1960s, mosses were widely used as bio-indicators of atmospheric pollution 22,23 then further on for investigations on water contamination levels. 24,25 Artificial radionuclides measured by gamma, beta ( 90 Sr) or alpha (plutonium isotopes) spectrometry in mosses in French rivers since the end of the 1970s are listed in Tables 3 and 4.…”

Section: Biological Compartment: Mosses and Phanerogamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactivity levels in major French rivers: summary of monitoring chronicles acquired over the past thirty years and current status

Eyrolle

Claval²,

Gontier

et al. 2008

J. Environ. Monit.

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Since the beginning of the 1990 s, liquid releases of gamma-emitting radionuclides from French nuclear facilities have generally fallen by almost 85%. Almost 65% of gamma-emitting liquid effluents released into freshwater rivers concerned the River Rhône (Southeast France), with around 85% of this originating from the Marcoule spent fuel reprocessing plant. Upstream of French nuclear plants, artificial radionuclides still detected by gamma spectrometry in 2006, include (137)Cs, (131)I as well as (60)Co, (58)Co and (54)Mn in the case of the Rhine (Switzerland nuclear industries). In the wake of the fallout from the Chernobyl accident, (103)Ru, (106)Rh-Ru, (110 m)Ag, (141)Ce and (129)Te were detected in rivers in the east of France. Some of these radionuclides were found in aquatic plants until 1989. In eastern France, (137)Cs activity in river sediments and mosses is still today two to three times greater than that observed in similar environments in western France. No (134)Cs has been detected upstream of nuclear plants in French rivers since 2001. Downstream of nuclear plants, the gamma emitters still detected regularly in rivers in 2006 are (137)Cs, (134)Cs, (60)Co, (58)Co, (110 m)Ag, (54)Mn, (131)I, together with (241)Am downstream of the Marcoule spent fuel reprocessing plant. Alpha and beta emitters such as plutonium isotopes and (90)Sr first entered freshwaters at the early 1950s due to the leaching of soils contaminated by atmospheric fallout from nuclear testing. These elements were also introduced, in the case of the Rhône River, via effluent from the Marcoule reprocessing plant. Until the mid 1990 s, plutonium isotope levels observed in the lower reaches of the Rhône were 10 to 1000 times higher than those observed in other French freshwaters. Data gathered over a period of almost thirty years of radioecological studies reveal that the only radionuclides detected in fish muscles are (137)Cs, (90)Sr, plutonium isotopes and (241)Am. At the scale of the French territory, there is no significant difference since the mid 1990 s between (137)Cs activity observed downstream of nuclear facilities and that observed upstream, whether in sediments, mosses and fish. Finally, this study highlights that the natural radioactivity of surface freshwaters are around 25 times greater than artificial radioactivity from gamma emitters. However, non gamma emitters released by nuclear industries, such as (3)H, may lead to artificial activity levels 2 to 20 times higher than natural levels.

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Section: Biological Compartment: Mosses and Phanerogamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactivity levels in major French rivers: summary of monitoring chronicles acquired over the past thirty years and current status

Eyrolle

Claval²,

Gontier

et al. 2008

J. Environ. Monit.

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“…Pendant la période de réhydratation, le facteur de concentration est toujours compris entre 100 et 500. 6) Dans ce cas le sédiment retient environ 80 % de l'activité initiale, les 20 % restants se retrouvant dans le liquide surnageant. Ces résultats sont conformes à ceux que nous avions déjà observés [8].…”

Section: Iii22 Contamination Par La Boue (Bac N° 5)unclassified

L’utilisation d’une mousse terrestre (Grimmia orbicularis Bruch) comme indicateur de la présence de manganèse 54, de cæsium 137 et de strontium 90

Hébrard¹,

Foulquier²,

Grauby³

1972

Radioprotection

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RÉSUMÉDes mousses terrestres (Grimmia orbicularis Bruch) sont contaminées expéri mentalement avec du manganèse 54, du caesium 137 et du strontium 90. Pour chaque radionucléide, on étudie simultanément la capacité de fixation de la plante à partir de l'eau et du sol. Les auteurs cherchent par ailleurs à déterminer le rôle joué par les variations hygrométriques sur la cinétique et l'intensité de la contamination. -Pour le manganèse 54, le facteur de concentration est de l'ordre de 700. La fixation est importante à partir de l'eau; à partir du sol, elle est liée à la teneur en manganèse échangeable. -Pour le caesium 137, le facteur de concentration est compris entre 90 et 180. Les échanges ne s'effectuent qu'entre l'eau et la plante.-Pour le strontium 90, le facteur de concentration varie de 100 à 500. Même si l'intensité des échanges est maximale entre l'eau et la plante, une possibilité de contamination secondaire à partir du sol n'en existe pas moins réellement. L'alternance de phases d'assèchement et de réhydratation du milieu influe peu sur le taux de fixation des radionucléides, car les mousses semblent bien les retenir très fortement. Les mousses terrestres, comme les mousses aquatiques, répondent de manière correcte aux exigences du contrôle sanitaire; elles peuvent être choisies comme indicatrices de pollution radioactive. ABSTRACTGround moss (Grimmia orbicularis Bruch) was experimentally contaminated with manganese 54, caesium 137 and strontium 90. For each radioisotope, the plant's fixation capacity from water and soil was studied simultaneously. Beside, the part * C

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“…Barker (1958) states that the percent Cs adsorbed by clays decreases as concen-+ + trations of K and Na increase, which implies that more 137 Cs would be available to the biota under hard water conditions. Adsorption Of Cs to soils in bogs is depressed 137 by the acid medium, resulting in increased availability to bog plants (Bovard and Gravby, 1966).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECTS OF BIOGEOCHEMICAL FACTORS ON THE ACCUMULATION OF $sup 137$Cs FALLOUT BY LARGE-MOUTH BASS (MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES). Supplement to Final Report.

Kevern¹

1971

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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Atomic Energy Commission, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, comple:eness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.

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The Fixation of Radionuclides From Atmospheric Fallout in Peat-Bog Sphagnum Sp., Polytrichum, and Myriophyllum

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Radioactivity levels in major French rivers: summary of monitoring chronicles acquired over the past thirty years and current status

Radioactivity levels in major French rivers: summary of monitoring chronicles acquired over the past thirty years and current status

L’utilisation d’une mousse terrestre (Grimmia orbicularis Bruch) comme indicateur de la présence de manganèse 54, de cæsium 137 et de strontium 90

EFFECTS OF BIOGEOCHEMICAL FACTORS ON THE ACCUMULATION OF $sup 137$Cs FALLOUT BY LARGE-MOUTH BASS (MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES). Supplement to Final Report.

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