The flow of non-cohesive solids through orifices

Aldin, Nur Adlina; Gunn, Dixon

doi:10.1016/0009-2509(84)80137-2

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…When granular materials flow out from a vessel under the action of gravity, the mass flow rate M is approximately independent of the head of material head H, just as an hourglass does. The most important research of this phenomenon was successively recorded by Beverloo et al, Aldin and Gunn, and Nedderman [24][25][26][27][28]. This phenomenon requires that the granular material must be not too smooth and small, while the bulk has a height not less than twice orifice diameter.…”

Section: Characteristic Of Granular Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense Granular Flow as Heat Transfer Media: A New Type of High Power Target Design

Zhang¹,

Yang²

2018

Principles and Applications in Nuclear Engineering - Radiation Effects, Thermal Hydraulics, Radionuclide Migration in the Envir

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High power target systems require reliable high-temperature heat transfer media. Dense granular flow materials have potential to work as heat transfer media, especially at high temperature. In this chapter, a brief review of dense granular and their heat transfer properties is introduced, including basic concepts of heat transfer, thermal behavior of these materials, and factors that affect this behavior. The implementation of these materials as targets is addressed, where two targets were designed, constructed, and tested based on the concept of dense granular flow. The results of the application of a hopper flow-type target in 2.5 MW accelerator-driven system (ADS) and a chute flow-type target in the material irradiation facility will be presented.

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Section: Characteristic Of Granular Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense Granular Flow as Heat Transfer Media: A New Type of High Power Target Design

Zhang¹,

Yang²

2018

Principles and Applications in Nuclear Engineering - Radiation Effects, Thermal Hydraulics, Radionuclide Migration in the Envir

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“…Notably, several analytical and numerical studies have been conducted to examine the discharge of granular systems from hoppers. [ 11–13 ] The basis of these studies has focused on the mass flow rate (W) as presented in Equation (2):

bold-italicW = bold-italicC ρ_{bulk} \sqrt{bold-italicg D_{h}^{5}}, bold-italicwith D_{h} = D_{0} - bold1.4 d_{p}

where the mass flow rate (W) is presented as a function of the material's bulk density ρ bulk , the acceleration of gravity (g), the nominal diameter of the outlet of hopper D h , and the coefficient C = 0.58. [ 14 ] Unfortunately, according to several researchers, The coefficient C fixed by Beverloo is not constant and is sensitive to the properties of powders and hoppers as a function of both the internal angle friction δ and the angle of hopper outlet θ, according to Equation (3) [ 15 ] :…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity mass powder flow through conical hoppers ‐ Part I: A mathematical model predicting the radial velocity profiles of free‐flowing granular systems as a function of cohesion and adhesion properties

et al. 2021

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It has been demonstrated that the concentration, velocity profiles, and residence time distribution (RTD) of a binary powder mixture flowing under gravity‐driven conditions can be evaluated via near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Contrary to a classical fluid flow profile, a granular flow profile was proven to be a function of cohesion and adhesion powder mixture properties. The present work aimed to develop a semi‐empirical equation inspired by the radial flow profile equation used for classical fluids. It achieves this by introducing the effect of powder friction properties as internal (particle‐particle) and external (particle‐hopper wall) friction angles. The developed equation shows good agreement with the experimental results using various hopper angles and two types of free‐flowing granular systems. The knowledge gained from the developed equation is intended to predict flow behaviour in conical hoppers as a function of flowing powder adhesion and cohesion parameters. Combining such knowledge with residence time distribution and the radial concentration profiles would make it possible to evaluate the expected extent of segregation, which could lead to prohibitive deviations in the production of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms.

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