The Formal Redox Potential of the Ti(IV, III) Couple at 25 °C in 1 M HCl 2 M NaCl Medium

Abstract

The formal redox potential of the Ti(IV, III) couple has been determined at 25 degrees C in 1 M HCl, 2 M NaCl aqueous medium, by emf measurements of a junction-free cell with glass and mercury electrodes. Ti(III) and Ti(IV) concentrations were changed by controlled electrolysis. The mean value of the searched formal potential, in a large range of total titanium concentration, is 9 +/- 1 mV against the molar hydrogen electrode in the same ionic medium.

A High Efficiency Iron-Chloride Redox Flow Battery for Large-Scale Energy Storage

“…21 Bartolozzi et al also reported a similar all-iron based battery with a planar graphite electrode for the positive and negative electrodes and a semi-permeable membrane separating the two electrode compartments. 22 The authors observed that the concentration of ferric ions in the negative electrolyte increased from zero to 167 mg l −1 within eight hours of operation of the cell indicating leakage of ferric ions through the membrane. The authors have also re-affirmed that the iron-chloride redox flow battery has long life, is eco-friendly and uses raw materials that are inexpensive.…”

“…The authors have also re-affirmed that the iron-chloride redox flow battery has long life, is eco-friendly and uses raw materials that are inexpensive. 22 While the early work by Savinell and Bartolozzi et al outlined the various factors that affect the performance of the iron-chloride redox flow battery system, subsequent reports aiming at addressing these technical challenges are scarce in the literature. Recently, the results from the operation of a 1 kW "all-iron" system operating at 50 A and 20 V has been reported by Trunov and Yminskii.…”

Studies on the Iron-Chloride Redox Flow Battery for Large-Scale Energy Storage

“…Therefore, in addition to suppressing hydrogen evolution, the electrolyte pH must be maintained below 4. The charging efficiency of the negative electrode and the battery performance are dependent on the concentration of Fe (II) species in the electrolyte, electrolyte pH and presence of any Fe 3+ ions [3,4].…”